Roman Empire

Mints

The empire ruled by the ancient city of Rome.

Die Studies

Item	Image	MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.	WeightCarter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)
Stratoniceia, silver, didrachms (Hecate/Zeus Pandaramos) (30 BCE-68 CE)		Silver	20,588 kg
Rhodes, silver, drachms (facing Helios/rose) (30 BCE-100 CE)		Silver	334 kg
Stratoniceia, silver, drachms (Hecate/Nike) (30 BCE-68 CE)		Silver	458 kg
Ephesus (Augustus), silver, cistophori (Augustus/standing Pax) (28 BCE)		Silver	25,757 kg
Pergamum (Augustus), silver, cistophori (27-26 BCE)		Silver	9,979 kg
RQEM ad. 11 - Edessa (Macedon) (Augustus), bronze, asses (27 BCE-14 CE)		Bronze
S 460 - Termessus Minor (Augustus), bronze (Augustus/horse) (27 BCE-14 CE)		Bronze
S 461 - Termessus Minor (Augustus), bronze (Augustus/horse) (27 BCE-14 CE)		Bronze
Ephesus (Augustus), silver, cistophori (Augustus/capricorn carrying cornucopia) (25-20 BCE)		Silver	101,350 kg
Agrigentum (Sissena), bronze, 8g (Augustus/SISENNA in a laurel wreath) (22-21 BCE)		Bronze
Agrigentum (Mussidius), bronze, 8g (Augustus/MVSSIDI in a laurel wreath) (22-21 BCE)		Bronze
Pergamum (Augustus), silver, cistophori (19-18 BCE)		Silver	24,907 kg
S 448 - Messene, bronze, trichalka (10-35 CE)		Bronze
Utica (Tiberius), dupondii (14g) (Tiberius/seated veiled Livia) (14-21 CE)		Bronze
Utica (Tiberius), asses (9g) (Tiberius/seated veiled Livia) (14-21 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 13 - Edessa (Macedon) (Tiberius), bronze, asses (14-37 CE)		Bronze
Termessus Minor (Tiberius), bronze (4.8g) (Tiberius/galopping horse) (14-37 CE)		Bronze
Utica (Tiberius), semisses (4g) (Tiberius/inscription in wreath) (14-21 CE)		Bronze
Utica (Tiberius), quadrantes (2.5g) (veiled head/inscription) (14-17 CE)		Bronze
S 793 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination B - Unit (14-37 CE)		Bronze
Philadelphia (Tiberius), bronze (3.50g) (head of Tiberius/winged thunderbolt) (17-37 CE)		Bronze
S 449 - Messene, bronze, hemiobols (30-64 CE)		Bronze
Amaseia (Caligula), bronze (10.5g) (Caligula/head of Tyche) (37-41 CE)		Bronze
S 794 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination B - Unit (41-54 CE)		Bronze
S 795 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination A - half-unit (41-54 CE)		Bronze
S 797 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination A - half-unit (54-68 CE)		Bronze
S 796 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination B - Unit (54-68 CE)		Bronze
S 798 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination B - Unit (69-79 CE)		Bronze
S 799 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination A - half-unit, 69-79 BC		Bronze
Amaseia (Vespasian), bronze (9.5g) (Vespasian/head of Tyche) (78-79 CE)		Bronze
Rome (Titus), sestertii (Colosseum/seated Titus) (RIC II.1, 184 - 80-81 CE)		Bronze
Amaseia (Domitian), bronze (8.5g) (Domitian/head of Tyche or view of the city) (92-93 CE)		Bronze
Abdera (Trajan), bronze (3g) (Trajan/Nike) (98-117 CE)		Bronze
S 802 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination C - double unit (98-117 CE)		Bronze
Abdera (Trajan), bronze (5.5g) (Trajan/male head) (102-117 CE)		Bronze
Amaseia (Trajan), bronze (6g) (Trajan/coiled serpent) (112-113 CE)		Bronze
Amaseia (Trajan), bronze (6g) (Trajan/temple) (112-113 CE)		Bronze
Rome (Hadrian), bronze, sestertii (Hadrian/seated Trajan) (117-118 CE)		Bronze
S 804 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination B - Unit (117-138 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 14 - Edessa (Macedon), bronze, dupondii (131-132 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 15 - Edessa (Macedon) (Hadrian), bronze, asses (131-132 CE)		Bronze
Amaseia (Hadrian), bronze (12g) (Hadrian/fighting Athena) (135-136 CE)		Bronze
Cerasus (Hadrian & Antoninus Pius), bronze (various types/various types) (138-161 CE)		Bronze
S 806 - Abdera, bronze, Denomination A - half-unit (138-161 CE)		Bronze
Rome (Antoninus Pius), bronze, sestertii (Diva Faustina/standing Vesta) (141 CE)		Bronze
Rome (Faustina), gold, aurei (Faustina/shrine with elephants) (146-161 CE)		Gold	240,840 kg
Termessus Major, bronze (8g) (bust of Solymos/various types) (150-225 CE)		Bronze
S 706 - Paros (Marcus Aurelius), bronze (161-180 CE)		Bronze
S 707 - Paros (Marcus Aurelius), bronze (161-180 CE)		Bronze
S 140 - Cerasus (Marcus Aurelius), bronze (161-180 CE)		Bronze
S 705 - Paros (Marcus Aurelius), bronze (161-180 CE)		Bronze
Rome (Marcus Aurelius - Lucius Verus), silver, denarii (restitution Mark Antony - 165/166 CE)		Silver	4,884 kg
RQEM ad. 16 - Edessa (Macedon) (Marcus Aurelius), bronze, dupondii (171-180 CE)		Bronze
Alexandria (Commodus), billon, tetradrachms (Commodus/various types) (175-193 CE)		Billon	590,582 kg
S 143 - Kerasonte, bronze		Bronze
S 348 - Sebaste Phrygia, silver, Médaillon (197-199 CE)		Silver	1,555 kg
Edessa (Mesopotamia), bronze (Caracalla) (198-217 AD)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 18 - Edessa (Macedon) (Septimius Severus), bronze, asses (198-211 CE)		Bronze
S 528 - Minoa (pseudo-autonomous), bronze (Dionysus/cantharus) (211-222 CE)		Bronze
S 524 - Minoa (Caracalla), bronze (Caracalla/Tyche) (211-217 CE)		Bronze
S 518 - Aegiale (Caracalla), bronze (Caracalla/Dionysus) (211-217 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 19 - Edessa (Macedon) (Caracalla), bronze, dupondii (212 CE)		Bronze
Orthosia (Caracalla), silver, tetradrachms (Caracalla/standing eagle) (215-217 CE)		Silver	4,210 kg
S 2066 - Tripolis (Caracalla), silver, tetradrachms (215-217 CE)		Silver	13,562 kg
S 526 - Minoa (Elagabalus), bronze (Julia Maesa/Apollo) (218-222 CE)		Bronze
S 145 - Kerasonte, bronze (218-222 CE)		Bronze
S 144 - Kerasonte, bronze (218-222 CE)		Bronze
S 527 - Minoa (Elagabalus), bronze (Julia Paula/Artemis) (219-220 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 23 - Edessa (Macedon) (Elagabalus), bronze, dupondii (220 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 24 - Edessa (Macedon) (Alexander Severus), bronze, dupondii (222-231 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 25 - Edessa (Macedon) (Maximinus Thrax), bronze, dupondii (235-236 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 26 - Edessa (Macedon) (Gordian III), bronze, dupondii (241-242 CE)		Bronze
RQEM ad. 28 - Edessa (Macedon) (Philip the Arab), bronze, dupondii (244-245 CE)		Bronze
Rome (Aemilian), gold, aurei (Aemilianus/standing Diana) (253 CE)		Gold	2,340 kg
Lugdunum (Postumus), gold, aurei (260-269 CE)		Gold	146,757 kg
Lugdunum (Postumus), gold, quinarii (260-269 CE)		Gold	8,571 kg
Cologne (Laelianus), silver, antoniniani (Laelianus/standing Victory) (269 AD)		Silver	4,162 kg
Cologne (Marius), gold, aurei (269 CE)		Gold	8,437 kg
Mainz (Laelianus), gold, aurei (269 AD)		Gold	2,795 kg
Cologne (Victorinus), gold, aurei (269-271 CE)		Gold	69,854 kg
Cologne (Victorinus), gold, quinarii (269-271 CE)		Gold	2,723 kg
Cologne (Tetricus I), gold, aurei (271-274 CE)		Gold	70,171 kg
Cologne (Tetricus I), gold, quinarii (271-274 CE)		Gold	680 kg
Cologne (Tetricus II), gold, aurei (273-274 CE)		Gold	33,785 kg

Overstriking coins

Item	Overstriking coinImage of the overstriking coin	MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.	DateIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.	Overstruck typeImage of the overstruck variety
16701 - Thessalonica (AE Silenus/legend) over uncertain type (Kölner Münzkabinett, EA 5, 17 c, lot 26)		Bronze	142 BC JL
28226 - Tyre (shekel Melkart/eagle) over uncertain type (Solidus Numismatik, 138, Dec. 2024, 1285)		Silver	AD 35 JL
3402 - Amphipolis (AE emperor/seated Tyche) over Thessalonica (Janiform head/Dioscuri on horses) (Athens, NM, 1920 IE 86 - Kourempanas 2013)		Bronze	AD 69 JL

Overstruck coins

Item	Overstruck typeImage of the overstruck variety	MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.	DateIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.	Overstriking coinImage of the overstriking coin
3134 - Seleuceia ad Tigrim (Phraates IV) (tetradrachm bust of the king/king and Tyche) over Seleuceia ad Tigrim (Tiridates I) (New York Sale, 34, Jan. 2015, 301)		Billon	38 BC JL

Roman Empire

TypeType of authority. ᵖ	Dynasty/Kingdom/Empire
Nomisma IDNomisma ID	roman_empire
Links	http://dbpedia.org/resource/Roman_Empire http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2277 http://www.geonames.org/8354456

Literature

• Papaefthymiou 2002 (11 mentions)
• RPC I (10 mentions)
• Schulte 1983 (9 mentions)
• Dalaison 2008 (7 mentions)
• RPC III (5 mentions)
• Sutherland 1970 (4 mentions)
• Chryssanthaki-Nagle 2007 (2 mentions)
• Villemur 2024 (2 mentions)
• RPC II (2 mentions)
• RIC 5 (2 mentions)
• RIC (2 mentions)
• RIC I (2 mentions)
• Clark 2020 (2 mentions)
• Beckmann 2012 (2 mentions)
• RIC III (2 mentions)
• Kourempanas 2013 (1 mentions)
• Gaebler 1906 (1 mentions)
• MacKay 1968b (1 mentions)
• HGC 3.1 (1 mentions)
• Ashour 2025 (1 mentions)
• Wojan 2003 (1 mentions)
• Gilljam 1990 (1 mentions)
• Edward Dandrow 2016 (1 mentions)
• SNG Milan XII (1 mentions)
• SNG Righetti 2563 (1 mentions)
• CNG 203 (1 mentions)
• Nurpetlian 2021 (1 mentions)
• Ashton - Weiss 1997 (1 mentions)
• Rambach 2017 (1 mentions)
• Woytek 2022 (1 mentions)
• RIC II.3 (1 mentions)
• Baer 2020 (1 mentions)
• Elkins 2006 (1 mentions)
• RIC II.1 (1 mentions)