S 2066 - Tripolis (Caracalla), silver, tetradrachms (215-217 CE)
From SILVER
215 CE - 217 CE Silver 13,562 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | AVT K M A AN-TΩNINOC CЄB (Greek).Laureate head right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΔHMAPX ЄΞ VΠATOC (Greek).Eagle standing facing, head and tail left, with wings displayed, holding wreath in beak, between legs, pilei of the Dioscuri |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tripolis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Caracalla (Roman emperor, 198-217 AD), Roman Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 215 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 217 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 12.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S2066 Tripolis Caracalla tetradrachms.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Nurpetlian 20211Nurpetlian 2021 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 12 | 25.53 | 12 | 7.19 | 9, 17, 18, 21, 24, 29, 35, 39, 43, 44, 46, 47 |
| 2 | 10 | 21.28 | 20 | 11.98 | 11, 16, 20, 27, 32, 33, 36, 40, 41, 45 |
| 3 | 5 | 10.64 | 15 | 8.98 | 3, 14, 25, 28, 34 |
| 4 | 6 | 12.77 | 24 | 14.37 | 5, 8, 10, 26, 38, 42 |
| 5 | 2 | 4.26 | 10 | 5.99 | 19, 22 |
| 6 | 3 | 6.38 | 18 | 10.78 | 7, 30, 37 |
| 7 | 5 | 10.64 | 35 | 20.96 | 1, 2, 4, 6, 31 |
| 8 | 3 | 6.38 | 24 | 14.37 | 13, 15, 23 |
| 9 | 1 | 2.13 | 9 | 5.39 | 12 |
| Total | 47 of 47 | 100.01 | 167 of 167 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 47 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 12 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 98 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 167 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.55 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.7 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.09 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25.53 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 56.51 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,130,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 65.41 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.81% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,910.46 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 13,562 kg <br /> 13,562 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,776.15 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations
References
- ^ Nurpetlian, Jack (2021), "Tripolis and Orthosia tetradrachms of Caracalla: Some thoughts on coin production and minting methods," Revue belge de Numismatique, 167, p. 116-142.
