Philadelphia (Tiberius), bronze (3.50g) (head of Tiberius/winged thunderbolt) (17-37 CE)
From SILVER
17 CE - 37 CE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | TIBEPION CЄBACTON (Latin).Bare head of Tiberius right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | NEOKECAPEIC (Latin).Winged thunderbolt |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Philadelphia (Neocaesarea) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lydia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Empire, Tiberius (Roman emperor, 14-37 AD) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 17 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 37 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Clark 20201Clark 2020 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RPC I2RPC I, n° 3017, Clark 20201Clark 2020 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 33.33 | 1 | 1.47 | 3 |
| 3 | 1 | 33.33 | 3 | 4.41 | 2 |
| 64 | 1 | 33.33 | 64 | 94.12 | 1 |
| Total | 3 of 3 | 99.99 | 68 of 68 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 3 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 7 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 68 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 22.67 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 9.71 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 33.33 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 2.91 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 58,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 3.14 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00117 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.53% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 46,735.4 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 116,838.49 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- a b Clark, Jared J. (2020), "The Renaming of Philadelphia Neocaesarea under the Emperor Tiberius," Numismatic Chronicle, 180, p. 127-131.
- ^ Amandry, Michel - Burnett, Andrew - Ripolles, Pere Pau (1998), Roman provincial coinage. I. From the death of Caesar to the death of Vitellius (44 BC-AC 69), London-Paris, 2 vol., xvii + 812 p., 195 pl.
