RQEM ad. 18 - Edessa (Macedon) (Septimius Severus), bronze, asses (198-211 CE)

198 CE - 211 CE Bronze

Description

Several legends: 1) Αὐ(τοκράτωρ) Κ(αίσαρ) Λ(ούκιος) Σεπ(τήμιος) Σευῆρος Ε(ὐσεβής) ; 2) (Αὐτοκράτωρ) (Καίσαρ) (Mᾶρκος) (Aὐρήλιος) Ἀντωνῖνος Eὐσ(εβής) ; 3) Αὐ(τοκράτωρ) Π(ούβλιος) Σεπ(τήμιος) (Γέτας) or Γέτας (Greek).Head of Septimus Severus right, (bearded), wearing laurel wreath. Border of dots.

Reverse:

Several legends: 1) ᾽Εδεσσαίων ; 2) ᾽Εδεσσέων (Greek).Different types: 1) Personified Edessa facing, head left, wearing mural crown and peplos, holding female statue (Nike?) in right hand, and a spear in left hand. At the City feet, right, goat. Border of dots, 2) Goat against a fruit tree. Border of dots.

Mint and issuing power

Mint:

Edessa

Ancient region:

Macedon

Modern country: Greece

Authority:

Caracalla (Roman emperor, 198-217 AD), Geta (Roman emperor, 209/10-211 AD), Septimius Severus (Roman emperor, 193-211 AD), Roman Empire

Chronology

From

198 CE

to

211 CE

Period: Roman ^{from 30 BC}

Physical description

Metal:

Bronze

Median weight in grams

5.30

Denomination:

as

Standard:

Image

]]RQEM_ad_18.png "Paris, BnF, 1991.569 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, 1991.569 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8590459s)]

References

Die study reference:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Papaefthymiou 2002, p. 52, no. 1, p. 60, no. 15, p. 61-62, no. 1-3.
Coin series reference:

Obverse dies distribution

Frequency ^ᵖ	Number of obverses ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coins (n)	% (n)	Die name
1	4	80	4	66.67	1 (Sept. Sev.), 7 (Carac.), 1 (Get.), 2 (Get.)
2	1	20	2	33.33	3 (Get.)
Total	5 of 5	100	6 of 6	100

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obverses ^ᵖ (o)	5	Number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	4
Number of reverse dies (r)	4	Number of coins (n)	6
Coins per obverse die (n/o)	1.2	Coins per reverse die (n/r)	1.5
Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o)	0.8	Percentage of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	80 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ^ᵖ	23.09	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ^ᵖ	461,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ^ᵖ (O)	30	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ^ᵖ	0.00001
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	33.33%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ^ᵖ	519.71
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ^ᵖ	n.a.	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ^ᵖ	1,299.26

Remarks

The coinage of Septimus Severus is divided in 3 iconographic groups : the coins with the portrait of Septimus Severus (subdivided in 3 issues dated in 198-204/5 AD, 204/5-209/10 AD and 209/10-211 AD), those with the portrait of Caracalla (subdivided in 3 issues dated in 198-204/5 AD, 204/5-209/10 AD and 209/10-211 AD) and those with the portrait of Geta (subdivided in 2 series). The average weight is approximate: 5,18 g for the coins with Edessa and 5,39 g for those with the goat. Metrology p. 189-209.

References

^ E. Papaefthymiou, Edessa de Macédoine. Etude historique et numismatique, Athens, 2002