Orthosia (Caracalla), silver, tetradrachms (Caracalla/standing eagle) (215-217 CE)
From SILVER
215 CE - 217 CE Silver 4,210 kg
Description
| Obverse: | AVT K M A AN-TΩNINOC CЄB (Greek).Laureate head r. |
| Reverse: | ΔHMAPX ЄΞ VΠATOC (Greek).Eagle standing facing, with wings spread and head r., between legs, god wearing kalathos, holding whip in r. hand and thunderbolt in l., at its side, two bull facing |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Orthosia | Ancient region: | Phoenicia | Modern country: Syria | Authority: | Caracalla (Roman emperor, 198-217 AD), Roman Empire |
Chronology
| From | 215 CE | to | 217 CE | Period: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 12.50 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Nurpetlian 2021 | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 15 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 50 | Number of coins (n) | 71 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 4.73 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.42 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 3.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 40 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 16.84 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 336,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 19.02 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00021 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 91.55% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 8,432.3 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 4,210 kg <br /> 4,210 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 21,080.76 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations
References
- ^ Nurpetlian, Jack (2021), "Tripolis and Orthosia tetradrachms of Caracalla: Some thoughts on coin production and minting methods," Revue belge de Numismatique, 167, p. 116-142.
