RQEM ad. 28 - Edessa (Macedon) (Philip the Arab), bronze, dupondii (244-245 CE)
From SILVER
244 CE - 245 CE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Αὐ(τοκράτωρ) Κ(αίσαρ) Mᾶ(ρκος) Ἰούλιος Φίλλιπος (Greek).Bust of Philip the Arab right, wearing laurel wreath (and radiate crown), armour and drapery around neck. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Several legends: 1) ᾽Εδεσσαίων ; 2) ᾽Εδεσσέων (Greek).Personified Rome seated on stool with lion feet left, wearing Attic helmet and chiton, holding Nike stephanephoros in right hand. Behind her, personified Edessa, facing, wearing mural crown, peplos and chiton, holding cornucopia and crowning Rome. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Edessa | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Philip the Arab (Roman emperor, 244-249 AD), Roman Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 244 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 245 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | dupondius
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
RQEM_ad_28.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 720 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 720 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8590474g)]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Papaefthymiou 20021Papaefthymiou 2002, p. 88-90, no. 1-13. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
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Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 3.45 | 4 |
| 4 | 1 | 25 | 4 | 13.79 | 2 |
| 11 | 1 | 25 | 11 | 37.93 | 1 |
| 13 | 1 | 25 | 13 | 44.83 | 3 |
| Total | 4 of 4 | 100 | 29 of 29 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 4 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 10 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 29 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.25 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.9 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 25 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.2 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 84,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 4.64 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00035 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.55% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,809.52 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 34,523.81 |
Remarks
The coinage of Philip the Arab is divided in 2 groups (laureled bust and radiate bust). Metrology p. 189-209.
References
- ^ E. Papaefthymiou, Edessa de Macédoine. Etude historique et numismatique, Athens, 2002
