RQEM ad. 19 - Edessa (Macedon) (Caracalla), bronze, dupondii (212 CE)
From SILVER
212 CE - 212 CE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Several legends: 1) (Αὐτ(οκράτωρ) Κ(αίσα)ρ) Mᾶ(ρκος) Aὐ(ρήλιος) Ἀντωνῖνος ; 2) Ἰουλία Δόμνα Σεβ(αστή) (Greek).Several types: 1) Head of Caracalla right, bearded and wearing laurel wreath, (armour and drapery). Border of dots, 2) Bust of Julia Domna right, with hair bun and wearing drapery. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Several legends: 1) ᾽Εδεσσαίων ; 2) ᾽Εδεσσέων (Greek).Personified Rome seated on armour (and shield) left, wearing Attic helmet and chiton, holding Nike stephanephoros in right hand. Behind her, personified Edessa, facing, wearing mural crown and peplos, crowning Rome. At the City feet, right, goat. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Edessa | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Caracalla (Roman emperor, 198-217 AD), Julia Domna (Roman empress, 194-211 AD), Roman Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 212 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 212 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 10.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | dupondius
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
RQEM_ad_19.png "Paris, BnF, Fonds général 705 (https" has not been listed as valid URI scheme.[Paris, BnF, Fonds général 705 (https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8590458c)]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Papaefthymiou 20021Papaefthymiou 2002, p. 63-64, no. 1-6, p. 65-66, no. 1-11. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 16.67 | 1 | 3.85 | 7 |
| 2 | 3 | 50 | 6 | 23.08 | 9, 10, 12 |
| 6 | 1 | 16.67 | 6 | 23.08 | 11 |
| 12 | 1 | 16.67 | 12 | 46.15 | 8 |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100.01 | 25 of 26 | 96.16 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 17 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 26 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.33 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.53 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.83 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 6.86 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 137,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 7.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00019 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 96.15% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,580.17 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,950.44 |
Remarks
The coinage of Caracalla is divided in 2 iconographic groups : the coins with the portrait of the'emperor (issue dated in 212 AD subdivide in 3 series) and those with the portrait of Julia Domna (3rd (?) issue dated in 212 AD). Metrology p. 189-209.
References
- ^ E. Papaefthymiou, Edessa de Macédoine. Etude historique et numismatique, Athens, 2002
