Cologne (Victorinus), gold, aurei (269-271 CE)
From SILVER
269 CE - 271 CE Gold 69,854 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | IMP VICTORINVS P F AVG (Latin).Variious heads. Here: Laureate head of Victorinus to right, with slight drapery on his far shoulder |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Various legends. Here: LEG XXX VLP VICT P F (Latin).Various types. Here: Jupiter standing facing, head to left, holding a long scepter in his right hand and a thunderbolt in his left, to left, capricorn to right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cologne | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Gallia | Modern countryModern country: | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Empire, Victorinus (269-271 CE) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 269 CE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 271 CE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman from 30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | aureus | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Schulte 1983, p. 130-145, n° 1-39 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 23 | 58.97 | 23 | 32.86 | 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 17, 19, 22, 24, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38 |
| 2 | 9 | 23.08 | 18 | 25.71 | 1, 4, 10, 12, 15, 16, 23, 26, 39 |
| 3 | 3 | 7.69 | 9 | 12.86 | 2, 13, 21 |
| 4 | 2 | 5.13 | 8 | 11.43 | 18, 20 |
| 6 | 2 | 5.13 | 12 | 17.14 | 11, 36 |
| Total | 39 of 39 | 100 | 70 of 70 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 39 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 23 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 44 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 70 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.79 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.59 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.13 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 58.97 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 71.28 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,425,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 88.06 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 67.14% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,964.09 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 69,854 kg <br /> 69,854 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 4,910.21 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations Certainly military
References
- ^ Schulte, Bernhard (1983), Die Goldprägung der gallischen Kaiser von Postumus bis Tetricus, Typos. Monographien zur antiken Numismatik, IV, Aarau, Verlag Sauerländer, 189 p., 28 pl.
