Sicily
From SILVER
Die Studies
- Thermae Himerenses (Carthaginian empire), silver, didrachms (Hera/seated Heracles) (370-350 BCE)
- Thermae Himerenses (Carthaginian empire), silver, tetradrachms (quadriga/head of nymph) (370-350 BCE)
- Eryx, silver, hemilitrae (anemone leaf/anemone flower) (464-455 BCE)
- Zancle (Messana), silver, drachms (dolphin/mussel shell in incuse square) (515-493 BCE)
- Zancle (Messana), silver, obols (dolphin/mussel shell in incuse square) (515-493 BCE)
- Motya (Carthaginian empire), silver, didrachms (facing Arethusa/crab) (400-397 BCE)
- Motya (Carthaginian empire), silver, tetradrachms (eagle/crab) (405-397 BCE)
- Motya (Carthaginian empire), silver, didrachms (standing dog/head of nymph) (415-405 BCE)
- Motya (Carthaginian empire), silver, didrachms (horseman riding sideways/head of nymph) (425-415 BCE)
- Motya, silver, litrai (head of nymph/standing nymph) (412-400 BCE)
- Syracuse (Pyrrhus), gold, staters (278-276 BCE)
- Syracuse (Pyrrhus), gold, hemistaters (278-276 BCE)
- Syracuse, gold, tetralitrae (Gorgoneion/athlete) (406 BCE)
- Syracuse, gold, 100 litrai (Arethusa/Heracles) (405-400 BCE)
- Syracuse, gold, 50 litrai (male head/horse) (405-400 BCE)
- Syracuse (Timoleon), gold, quarter staters (Zeus/Pegasus) (342-336 BCE)
- Syracuse (Agathocles), electrum, 50 litrai (Apollo/tripod) (310-305 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (two horses/incuse square) (510-490 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, didrachms (rider/Arethusa) (510-490 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, decadrachms (quadriga/Arethusa Kimon) (404-400 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, decadrachms (quadriga/Arethusa Evainetos) (404-400 BCE)
- Syracuse (Hieronymos), silver, 10 litrai (Hieronymos/thunderbolt) (215-214 BCE)
- Syracuse (Philistis), silver, tetradrachms (Philistis/Nike) (218-214 BCE)
- Syracuse (Agathocles), silver, tetradrachms (Kore/Nike) (310-305 BCE)
- Syracuse (Agathocles), silver, tetradrachms (Arethusa/quadriga) (310-305 BCE)
- Syracuse (Hieronymus), gold, 25 litrai (Persephone/thunderbolt) (215-214 BCE)
- Syracuse (Hieronymus), silver, 24 litrai (Hieronymus/thunderbolt) (215-214 BCE)
- Syracuse (Hieronymus), silver, 5 litrai (Hieronymus/thunderbolt) (215-214 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (quadriga/Arethusa) (399-387 BCE) (Fischer-Bossert)
- Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (quadriga/Arethusa) (425-413 BCE) (Fischer-Bossert)
- Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (biga/Arethusa) (490-485 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, didrachms (rider/Arethusa) (490-485 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, drachms (rider/Arethusa) (490-485 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (biga/Arethusa) (485-479 BCE)
- Syracuse, silver, tetradrachms (quadriga/Arethusa) (413-399 BCE) (Fischer-Bossert)
- Syracuse, silver, didrachms (rider/Arethusa) (478-466 BCE)
- Syracuse (Hicetas), gold, hemistaters (Persephone/Nike driving biga) (279-278 BCE)
- Syracuse ('third democracy'), silver, 2 litrae (Janiform head/horse) (330-325 BCE)
- Syracuse (Timoleontic Symmachy coinage), bronze, hemilitrai (Ares/Pegasus) (334-317 BCE)
- Syracuse (Hieron II), bronze (17.5g) (Zeus/eagle on thunderbolt) (263-260 BCE)
- Syracuse (Campanian mercenaries), bronze, tetrantes (Zeus/thunderbolt) (344-338 BCE)
- Syracuse (Timoleon), silver, staters (Pegasus/Athena) (342-335 BCE)
- Syracuse (Democracy), silver, 12 litrai (Athena/standing Artemis) (214-212 BCE)
- Syracuse (Democracy), silver, 6 litrai (Heracles/Nike driving biga) (214-212 BCE)
- Syracuse (Democracy), silver, 16 litrai (Zeus/Nike driving quadriga) (214-212 BCE)
- Syracuse (Democracy), silver, 4 litrai (Apollo/standing Nike with trophy) (214-212 BCE)
- Syracuse (Hieronymus), gold, 50 litrai (Persephone/Nike driving biga) (215-214 BCE)
- Syracuse (Democracy), silver, trichalkoi (Athena/XIII) (216-214 BCE)
- Syracuse (Democracy), silver, dichalkoi (Heracles/XII) (216-214 BCE)
- Ds Syracuse (Democracy), silver, eptachalkoi (tripod/XIIΠ) (216-214 BCE)
Overstriking coins
- 2845 - Eryx (didrachm hound/nymph) over uncertain type (Künker, 367, Apr. 2022, 7045)
- 2002 - Eryx (didrachm hound/nymph) over uncertain type (Gorny & Mosch, 215, Oct. 2013, 681)
- 21043 - Motya (didrachm hound/nymph) over uncertain type (M&M, 20, Oct. 2006, 4)
- 21046 - Motya (didrachm hound/nymph) over uncertain type (Syracuse, MA, inv. 53440)
- 19767 - Syracuse (tetradrachm biga/Arethuse) over uncertain type (Roma Numismatics, XXII, Oct. 2021, 18)
- 2719 - Syracuse (AE Arethusa/octopus) over Syracuse (Arethusa/dolphin) (MacDonald coll., 38)
- 2743 - Syracuse (AE Arethusa/octopus) over Syracuse (Arethusa/dolphin) (VCoins, Oct. 2021)
- 3555 - Syracuse (Agathocles) (tetradrachm Persephone/quadriga) over uncertain type (Stack’s, Bowers and Ponterio, Jan. 2017, 2027)
- 2538 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/lion) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (M&M, 32, May 2010, 12)
- 2364 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/lion) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (MacDonald coll., 39)
- 2615 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/lion) over uncertain type (Gorny, 216, Oct. 2013, 2172)
- 2260 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Roma Numismatics, EA 36, May 2017, 45)
- 925 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Agora, 103, Dec. 2021, 13)
- 2278 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over uncertain type (Gorny & Mosch, 204, March 2012, 1180)
- 2375 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Persephone/biga) (Savoca, EA 11, Dec. 2016, 125)
- 19941 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over uncertain type (Bertolami, EA 93, Jan 2021, 180)
- 20126 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Bertolami, EA 109, Jan. 2022, 307)
- 20013 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Nomos AG, obolos 23, June 2022, 172)
- 2287 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over uncertain type (CNG, EA 219, Sept. 2009, 209)
- 2201 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Gorny & Mosch, 134, Oct. 2004, 1128)
- 2376 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over uncertain type (CNG, MBS 76, Sept. 2007, 176)
- 2232 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Heracles/lion) (CNG, MBS 78, May 2008, 120)
- 2409 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Persephone/biga) (MacDonald coll., 45)
- 20128 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Persephone/biga) (Classical Numismatic Group, EA 443, 1 May 2019, 10)
- 2522 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Heracles/lion) (MacDonald coll., 44)
- 2740 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (New York Sale, 20, Jan. 2009, 101)
- 2270 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (MacDonald coll., 42)
- 2358 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over uncertain type (Bertolami - ACR Auctions, EA 68, March 2019, 343)
- 2710 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Ebay seller: Authentic Ancient Coins, Jan. 2017)
- 2197 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (CNG, 91, Sept. 2012, 74)
- 20130 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Heracles/lion) (Classical Numismatic Group, EA 443, May 2019, 10)
- 2208 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (VCoins seller: Shick Coins)
- 2435 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Lanz, 153, Dec. 2011, 125)
- 3505 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over uncertain type (CNG, EA 345, Febr. 2015, 123)
- 2551 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Gitbud Numismatik, 2, April 2017, 10)
- 2313 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (CNG, EA 240, Sept. 2010, 79)
- 2235 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Persephone/biga) (Hirsch, 281, May 2012, 136)
- 2514 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Ebay seller: Numis Matic, March 2016)
- 20010 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over uncertain type (Felzmann, EA 33, May 2022, 10011)
- 2528 - Syracuse (octobol Persephone/Athena) over Corinth (Pegasus/Athena) (Brussels, KBR, II 89507)
- 2517 - Syracuse (octobol Persephone/Athena) over uncertain type (London, BM, 1987-4-14.2)
- 2659 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/Athena) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Hirsch, 263, Sept. 2009, 2093)
- 2445 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/Athena) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Hirsch, 267, May 2010, 100)
- 2720 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/Athena) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Bertolami, 52, Nov. 2018, 58)
- 2249 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/Athena) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Ebay seller variana museum, June 2018)
- 19769 - Syracuse (Hieronymus) (24-litrai Hieronymus/thunderbolt) over uncertain type (Heritage World Coin Auctions, Signature Sale 3089, Jan 2021, 31013)
- 19773 - Syracuse (Hieronymus) (10 litrai Hieronymus/thunderbolt) over uncertain type (Heritage World Coin Auctions, Dallas Signature Sale 3102, Nov. 2022, 32019)
- 2257 - Syracuse (AE Athena/hippocamp) over uncertain type (Roma Numismatics, EA 54, Febr. 2019, 65)
- 2614 - Syracuse (AE Athena/hippocamp) over uncertain type (M&M, 39, Nov. 2013, 19)
- 2222 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (CNG, MBS 78, May 2008, 120)
Overstruck coins
- SO 1022 - Rome over Syracuse
- SO 1020 - Rome over Syracuse
- SO 975 - Rome over Syracuse
- 1593 - Agrigentum (AE Zeus/eagles) over Syracuse (Hicetas) (Persephone/biga) (Hirsch, 264, Nov. 2009, 58)
- 2592 - Kentoripai (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse? (Athena/dolphins) (Künker, 376, Oct. 2022, 4317)
- 2739 - Abacaenum (AE Female head/horse) over Syracuse (Bertolami, 24, June 2016, 132)
- 19457 - Agyrium (AE Heracles/man-headed bull) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Paris, BnF, 1987.404)
- 19455 - Agyrium (AE Heracles/man-headed bull) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (CNG, 54, June 2000, 256)
- 19453 - Agyrium (AE Heracles/man-headed bull) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Heritage, MPO 76, Nov. 2022, 3107)
- 19470 - Agyrium (AE Heracles/man-headed bull) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (CNG, EA 143, July 2006, 15)
- 2550 - Agyrium (AE Heracles/man-headed bull) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Gorny & Mosch, 200, Oct. 2011, 1174)
- 3496 - Agyrium (AE Heracles/man-headed bull) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (MacDonald coll., 34)
- 2188 - Agyrium (AE Athena/bow & quiver) over Syracuse (Zeus/thunderbolt) (Triton, V, Jan. 2002, 116)
- 19462 - Agyrium (AE Athena/bow & quiver) over Syracuse (Zeus/thunderbolt) (Künker, 67, Oct. 2001, 117)
- 19468 - Agyrium (AE Heracles/man-headed bull) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (CNG, MBS 60, May 2002, 123)
- 19473 - Agyrium (AE Athena/bow & quiver) over Syracuse (Zeus/thunderbolt) (Naville Numismatics, 23, June 2016, 85)
- 19477 - Agyrium (AE Athena/bow & quiver) over Syracuse (Zeus/thunderbolt) (Roma Numismatics, Sept. 2022, 75)
- 19475 - Agyrium (AE Athena/bow & quiver) over Syracuse (Zeus/thunderbolt) (Classical Numismatic Group, MBS 78, May 2008, 21)
- 19465 - Agyrium (AE Athena/bow & quiver) over Syracuse (Zeus/thunderbolt) (Paris, BnF, AA.GR. 11321)
- 2244 - Athl (AE Athena/female figure) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Peus, 401, Nov. 2010, 72)
- 19636 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Bertolami Fine Arts, EA 77, Dec. 2019, 27)
- 19640 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (NAC, I, May 1999, 1137)
- 19614 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (CNG, EA 448, July 2019, 16)
- 19645 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (NAC, P, May 2005, 1149)
- 19632 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (M&M Deutschland, 17, Oct. 2005, 146)
- 19628 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Varesi, 63, Nov. 2013, 5)
- 19608 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (CNG, 54, June 2000, 254)
- 19610 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (CNG, EA 454, Oct. 2019, 32)
- 2334 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Freeman & Sear, MBS 15, June 2008, 23)
- 20530 - Adranum (AE Apollo/lyre) over Syracuse (Athena/hippocamp) (Ebay selin959, 8 Sept. 2015 )
- 2439 - Alaesa (AE Apollo/torch & grain ears) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (MacDonald coll., 35)
- 2284 - Alaesa (AE Sicilia/torch & grain ears) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (NAC, May 2004, 73)
- 19715 - Alaesa (AE Sicilia/torch & grain ears) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (CNG, MBS 61, Sept. 2002, 108)
- 2352 - Alaesa (AE Apollo/torch & grain ears) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Pecunem, 37, Nov. 2015, 22)
- 2674 - Alaesa (AE Apollo/torch & grain ears) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Felzmann, 155, March 2016, 10)
- 2143 - Alaesa (AE Sicilia/Heracles) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (M&M, 39, Nov. 2013, 9)
- 2583 - Alaesa (AE female head/Heracles) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Solidus, 15, May 2017, 21)
- 2719 - Syracuse (AE Arethusa/octopus) over Syracuse (Arethusa/dolphin) (MacDonald coll., 38)
- 2743 - Syracuse (AE Arethusa/octopus) over Syracuse (Arethusa/dolphin) (VCoins, Oct. 2021)
- 20146 - Centuripae (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Roma Numismatics, EA 26, April 2016, 39)
- 2538 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/lion) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (M&M, 32, May 2010, 12)
- 2231 - Centuripae (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Künker, 288, March 2017, 66)
- 2364 - Syracuse (AE Heracles/lion) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (MacDonald coll., 39)
- 2173 - Centuripae (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Künker, 204, March 2012, 159)
- 2477 - Centuripae (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (MacDonald coll., 36)
- 2302 - Centuripae (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Hess-Divo, 310, Oct. 2008, 19)
- 20143 - Centuripae (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Roma Numismatics, EA 75, Oct. 2020, 45)
- 2260 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Roma Numismatics, EA 36, May 2017, 45)
- 925 - Syracuse (AE Zeus/eagle) over Syracuse (Artemis/thunderbolt) (Agora, 103, Dec. 2021, 13)
- 2297 - Centuripae (AE Kore/panther) over Syracuse (Athena/dolphins) (Lanz, 160, June 2015, 44)
Mints
Literature
- Breglia 1949
- Calciati 1996
- Gabrici 1935
- Gabrici 1947
- Garraffo 1984
- Garraffo 1989
- Garraffo 2003
- Imhoof-Blumer 1878
- MacDonald 2002
- Arnold-Biucchi 1996
- Kraay 1969
- Lippi 2011
- Manfredi 1990
- Vagi 1995
- Westermark 1979
- Westermark 1985
- Fischer-Bossert 2016
- Calciati 1995
- Orville 1764
- Calciati 1986
- Calciati 1987
- Campana 1992-2003
- Tsoukanelis 2010
- Caccamo Caltabiano 1993
- HGC 2
- Westermark - Jenkins 1980
- Lee 2000
- Lee 1999
- Jenkins 1970
- Kraay 1983
- Westermark 1999
- Gutmann - Schwabacher 1929
- Gielow 1930
- Jenkins 1971
- Cahn 1944
- Schwabacher 1925
- Boehringer 1929
- Tudeer 1913
- Bérend 1993
- Boehringer 1992
- Jongkees 1941
- Gallatin 1930
- Westermark 2018
- Campana 2011
- Campana 2014
- Buttrey 1989
- Hurter 2008
- Lederer 1910
- Jenkins 1977
- Jenkins 1974
Authors
- David MacDonald
- Laura Breglia
- Romolo Calciati
- Ettore Gabrici
- Salvatore Garraffo
- Lorenza-Ilia Manfredi
- Ulla Westermark
- Wolfgang Fischer-Bossert
- Ian Lee
- Friederike Gutmann
- Hertha Edith Gielow
- John Penrose Barron
- Herbert A. Cahn
- Willy Schwabacher
- Erich Boehringer
- Lauri O. Th. Tudeer
- Denyse Bérend
- Christof Boehringer
- Jan Hendrik Jongkees
- Albert Eugene Gallatin
- Daniele Castrizio
- Theodore V. Buttrey
- Ross R. Holloway
- Andrew M. Burnett
- Benedetto Carroccio
- Emilia Oteri
- Carmen Arnold-Biucchi
- Pierre-Olivier Hochard
- Valeria Perin
- Maria Caccamo Caltabiano
- Jacques-Philippe d'Orville
- Mariangela Puglisi
- DeRose Evans 1987
- Sebastiano Maltese
- Alberto Campana