Agrigentum, silver, didrachms (eagle/crab) (480/478-470 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 470 BCE Silver 1,957 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | AK-RA (Greek).Eagle standing right with closed wings |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | CA-Σ (Greek).Crab, below, male head to right, all within shallow circular incuse |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Agrigentum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 470 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Westermark 2018, p. 76-101, n° 238-296 (Period I, Group IV) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 742-743, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 2, n° 99 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 49 | 1 | 8.33 | 49 | 6.9 | 88 |
| 56 | 1 | 8.33 | 56 | 7.89 | 89 |
| 60 | 1 | 8.33 | 60 | 8.45 | 91 |
| 69 | 1 | 8.33 | 69 | 9.72 | 83 |
| 78 | 1 | 8.33 | 78 | 10.99 | 84 |
| 88 | 1 | 8.33 | 88 | 12.39 | 90 |
| 106 | 1 | 8.33 | 106 | 14.93 | 86 |
| 140 | 1 | 8.33 | 140 | 19.72 | 87 |
| 1 | 2 | 16.67 | 2 | 0.28 | 85, 94 |
| 31 | 2 | 16.67 | 62 | 8.73 | 92, 93 |
| Total | 12 of 12 | 99.98 | 710 of 710 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 12 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 40 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 710 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 59.17 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 17.75 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 11.38 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 227,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 12.21 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00312 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 124,780.32 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 1,957 kg <br /> 1,957 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 311,950.79 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla (2018), The coinage of Akragas c. 510-406 BC, 2 vol., Uppsala.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
