Aetna (Campanian mercenaries), bronze, tetrantes (Athena/horse) (354-344 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 10677


354 BCE - 344 BCE Bronze

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: ΑΙΤΝΑΙΩΝ (Greek).Helmeted head of Athena right
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: Horse with trailing rein prancing right, M above
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Aetna Ancient regionAncient region.: Sicily Modern countryModern country: Italy AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: Campanian mercenaries
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 354 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 344 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Bronze Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 18.50 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: tetras StandardStandard.:
Image
S 1537 - Aitna (Campanian mercenaries), bronze, tetrantes (354-344 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Castrizio 20001Castrizio 2000, p. 101-102, Series I.1
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: HGC 22HGC 2, n° 72
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
7 1 50 7 21.21 2
26 1 50 26 78.79 1
Total 2 of 2 100 33 of 33 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 2 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. 
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 4 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 33
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 16.5 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 8.25
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 2 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  1.96 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  39,200
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 2.13 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00084
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) % Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  33,673.47
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  n.a. Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  84,183.67
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Likely military

References

  1. ^  Castrizio, Daniele (2000), La monetazione mercenariale in Sicilia. Strategie economiche e territoriali tra Dionisio I e Timoleonte, Catanzaro, Soveria Mannelli, 126 p. and 18 pl.
  2. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.