Aetna (Campanian mercenaries), bronze, tetrantes (Athena/horse) (354-344 BCE)
From SILVER
354 BCE - 344 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | ΑΙΤΝΑΙΩΝ (Greek).Helmeted head of Athena right |
| Reverse: | Horse with trailing rein prancing right, M above |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Aetna | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: | Campanian mercenaries |
Chronology
| From | 354 BCE | to | 344 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 18.50 | Denomination: | tetras | Standard: |
Image
,_bronze,_tetrantes_(354-344_BCE).jpg)
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Castrizio 2000, p. 101-102, Series I.1 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 2, n° 72 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 7 | 1 | 50 | 7 | 21.21 | 2 |
| 26 | 1 | 50 | 26 | 78.79 | 1 |
| Total | 2 of 2 | 100 | 33 of 33 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 2 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 4 | Number of coins (n) | 33 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 16.5 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 8.25 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 2 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 1.96 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 39,200 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 2.13 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00084 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 33,673.47 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 84,183.67 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Castrizio, Daniele (2000), La monetazione mercenariale in Sicilia. Strategie economiche e territoriali tra Dionisio I e Timoleonte, Catanzaro, Soveria Mannelli, 126 p. and 18 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
