Agrigentum, silver, tetradrachms (eagle/crab) (470-440 BCE)
From SILVER
470 BCE - 440 BCE Silver 6,619 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | AKRAC – ANTOΣ partially retrograde (Greek).Eagle standing l., with closed wings |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Crab |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Agrigentum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 470 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 440 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 17.30 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
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S 1494 - Agrigentum, silver, tetradrachms (470-440 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Westermark 20181Westermark 2018, p. 101-140, n° 298-440 (Period II) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 741, HGC 23HGC 2, n° 78-79 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | 0.69 | 3 |
| 7 | 1 | 5 | 7 | 0.97 | 2 |
| 13 | 1 | 5 | 13 | 1.81 | 20 |
| 14 | 1 | 5 | 14 | 1.94 | 6 |
| 15 | 2 | 10 | 30 | 4.17 | 5, 16 |
| 19 | 1 | 5 | 19 | 2.64 | 19 |
| 20 | 1 | 5 | 20 | 2.78 | 17 |
| 30 | 1 | 5 | 30 | 4.17 | 9 |
| 35 | 3 | 15 | 105 | 14.58 | 1, 4, 18 |
| 36 | 1 | 5 | 36 | 5 | 15 |
| 39 | 2 | 10 | 78 | 10.83 | 7, 13 |
| 54 | 1 | 5 | 54 | 7.5 | 14 |
| 68 | 2 | 10 | 136 | 18.89 | 8, 11 |
| 78 | 1 | 5 | 78 | 10.83 | 12 |
| 95 | 1 | 5 | 95 | 13.19 | 10 |
| Total | 20 of 20 | 100 | 720 of 720 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 20 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 96 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 720 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 36 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 7.5 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4.8 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 19.13 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 382,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 20.57 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00188 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 75,274.44 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,619 kg <br /> 6,619 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 188,186.1 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations
"Expression error: Missing operand for *." is not a number.
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla (2018), The coinage of Akragas c. 510-406 BC, 2 vol., Uppsala.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
