Camarina, silver, tetradrachms (425-405 BCE)
From SILVER
425 BCE - 405 BCE Silver 4,383 kg
Description
| Obverse: | KAM-A-PINA (Greek).Athena, wearing crested Attic helmet and long chiton, holding kentron in her right hand and the reins in both, driving galloping quadric to right, above, Nike flying to left, preparing to crown Athena with a wreath held in both hands, in the exergue, two prize amphorai dividing the inscription KAM-A-PINA |
| Reverse: | KAMAPINAION (Greek).Head of youthful Herakles to left, wearing a lion's skin headdress tied below his chin, in the field to left, bow. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Camarina | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 425 BCE | to | 405 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 17.20 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Westermark - Jenkins 1980, n° 130-157. | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 758-759 and 761, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 39, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 2, n° 526 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 2 | 1 | 7.69 | 2 | 0.89 | 9 |
| 3 | 1 | 7.69 | 3 | 1.34 | 12 |
| 4 | 1 | 7.69 | 4 | 1.79 | 11 |
| 7 | 2 | 15.38 | 14 | 6.25 | 5, 13 |
| 8 | 1 | 7.69 | 8 | 3.57 | 6 |
| 11 | 1 | 7.69 | 11 | 4.91 | 2 |
| 13 | 1 | 7.69 | 13 | 5.8 | 1 |
| 24 | 1 | 7.69 | 24 | 10.71 | 10 |
| 26 | 2 | 15.38 | 52 | 23.21 | 7, 8 |
| 46 | 1 | 7.69 | 46 | 20.54 | 4 |
| 47 | 1 | 7.69 | 47 | 20.98 | 3 |
| Total | 13 of 13 | 99.97 | 224 of 224 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 13 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 21 | Number of coins (n) | 224 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 17.23 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 10.67 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.62 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 12.74 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 254,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 13.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00088 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 35,164.84 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 4,383 kg <br /> 4,383 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 87,912.09 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla - Jenkins, Gilbert Kenneth (1980), The Coinage of Kamarina, RNS 9, Londres, 283 p., 40 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
