Agrigentum, bronze, tetrantes (eagle on serpent/crab & crayfish) (415-406 BCE)
From SILVER
415 BCE - 406 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | AK-PA (Greek).Eagle standing right, holding serpent in talon |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Crab, above, three pellets (mark of value), below, crayfish to left. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Agrigentum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 415 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 406 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 10.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetras | StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Westermark 2018, p. 246-266, n° 802-917 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 2, n° 142 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 5 | 1 | 1.96 | 5 | 1.35 | 27 |
| 10 | 1 | 1.96 | 10 | 2.7 | 5 |
| 11 | 1 | 1.96 | 11 | 2.97 | 18 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.96 | 12 | 3.24 | 44 |
| 15 | 1 | 1.96 | 15 | 4.05 | 38 |
| 20 | 1 | 1.96 | 20 | 5.41 | 2 |
| 26 | 1 | 1.96 | 26 | 7.03 | 49 |
| 29 | 1 | 1.96 | 29 | 7.84 | 16 |
| 1 | 6 | 11.76 | 6 | 1.62 | 7, 12, 20, 31, 36, 50 |
| 2 | 6 | 11.76 | 12 | 3.24 | 15, 17, 22, 35, 42, 43 |
| 3 | 5 | 9.8 | 15 | 4.05 | 6, 9, 37, 39, 52 |
| 4 | 8 | 15.69 | 32 | 8.65 | 10, 14, 19, 21, 25, 26, 29, 34 |
| 6 | 5 | 9.8 | 30 | 8.11 | 3, 8, 13, 48, 51 |
| 7 | 5 | 9.8 | 35 | 9.46 | 11, 30, 32, 33, 41 |
| 9 | 4 | 7.84 | 36 | 9.73 | 23, 24, 40, 46 |
| 17 | 2 | 3.92 | 34 | 9.19 | 1, 47 |
| 21 | 2 | 3.92 | 42 | 11.35 | 4, 45 |
| Total | 51 of 51 | 99.97 | 370 of 370 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 51 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 6 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 92 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 370 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 7.25 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 4.02 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.8 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 11.76 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 53.53 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,070,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 59.15 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00035 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 98.38% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 13,824.02 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 34,560.06 |
Remarks
There is no obverse 28
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla (2018), The coinage of Akragas c. 510-406 BC, 2 vol., Uppsala.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
