Agrigentum, silver, didrachms (eagle/crab) (488/485-480/478 BCE)
From SILVER
488 BCE - 478 BCE Silver 2,979 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΑΚRΑ (Greek).Eagle standing left with closed wings. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Crab within a circular incuse |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Agrigentum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 488 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 478 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Westermark 2018, p. 46-76, n° 154-237 (Period I, Group III) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 709, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 2, n° 94 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 0.57 | 66 |
| 8 | 1 | 5.56 | 8 | 0.91 | 81 |
| 20 | 1 | 5.56 | 20 | 2.29 | 82 |
| 24 | 1 | 5.56 | 24 | 2.74 | 79 |
| 33 | 1 | 5.56 | 33 | 3.77 | 78 |
| 40 | 1 | 5.56 | 40 | 4.57 | 74 |
| 55 | 1 | 5.56 | 55 | 6.29 | 68 |
| 71 | 1 | 5.56 | 71 | 8.11 | 75 |
| 61 | 1 | 5.56 | 61 | 6.97 | 77 |
| 72 | 1 | 5.56 | 72 | 8.23 | 70 |
| 79 | 1 | 5.56 | 79 | 9.03 | 69 |
| 83 | 1 | 5.56 | 83 | 9.49 | 76 |
| 94 | 1 | 5.56 | 94 | 10.74 | 73 |
| 116 | 1 | 5.56 | 116 | 13.26 | 71 |
| 12 | 2 | 11.11 | 24 | 2.74 | 65, 80 |
| 45 | 2 | 11.11 | 90 | 10.29 | 67, 72 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.06 | 875 of 875 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 59 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 875 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 48.61 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 14.83 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.28 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 17.12 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 342,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 18.38 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00256 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 102,219.63 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,979 kg <br /> 2,979 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 255,549.07 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla (2018), The coinage of Akragas c. 510-406 BC, 2 vol., Uppsala.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
