Agrigentum, silver, didrachms (eagle/crab) (510-495 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 10356


510 BCE - 495 BCE Silver 6,429 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: AKRA (Greek).Sea eagle standing left.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: Crab within shallow incuse circle
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Agrigentum Ancient regionAncient region.: Sicily Modern countryModern country: Italy AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 510 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 495 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC Nomisma.org
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 8.70 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: didrachm Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
S 1490 = Akragas, silver, didrachms (510-495 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Westermark 20181Westermark 2018, p. 9-30, n° 1-89
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 708, HGC 23HGC 2, n° 87
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
2 3 8.11 6 1.3 1, 5, 34
3 1 2.7 3 0.65 2
4 2 5.41 8 1.73 4, 31
5 2 5.41 10 2.16 13, 30
6 1 2.7 6 1.3 24
7 2 5.41 14 3.03 16, 35
8 2 5.41 16 3.46 14, 33
9 3 8.11 27 5.84 22, 23, 26
10 1 2.7 10 2.16 25
11 3 8.11 33 7.14 9, 11, 32
12 2 5.41 24 5.19 8, 15
14 2 5.41 28 6.06 9, 36
15 1 2.7 15 3.25 28
16 2 5.41 32 6.93 27, 29
17 1 2.7 17 3.68 12
18 1 2.7 18 3.9 37
19 2 5.41 38 8.23 6, 18
20 1 2.7 20 4.33 3
21 1 2.7 21 4.55 17
27 1 2.7 27 5.84 20
28 1 2.7 28 6.06 21
30 1 2.7 30 6.49 7
31 1 2.7 31 6.71 10
Total 37 of 37 100.01 462 of 462 99.99
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 37 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. 
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) 53 Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 462
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 12.49 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) 8.72
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) 1.43 Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  36.95 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  739,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 40.22 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00063
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) % Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  25,006.77
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  6,429 kg <br /> 6,429 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  62,516.91
Remarks

Most likely two workstations Likely military

References

  1. ^  Westermark, Ulla (2018), The coinage of Akragas c. 510-406 BC, 2 vol., Uppsala.
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
  3. ^  Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.