Agrigentum, silver, didrachms (eagle/crab) (510-495 BCE)
From SILVER
510 BCE - 495 BCE Silver 6,429 kg
Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | AKRA (Greek).Sea eagle standing left. |
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Crab within shallow incuse circle |
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Agrigentum | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 510 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 495 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC |
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver | Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm | StandardStandard.: |
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: | Westermark 20181 | ||
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2 , HGC 23 | ||
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: |
Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
2 | 3 | 8.11 | 6 | 1.3 | 1, 5, 34 |
3 | 1 | 2.7 | 3 | 0.65 | 2 |
4 | 2 | 5.41 | 8 | 1.73 | 4, 31 |
5 | 2 | 5.41 | 10 | 2.16 | 13, 30 |
6 | 1 | 2.7 | 6 | 1.3 | 24 |
7 | 2 | 5.41 | 14 | 3.03 | 16, 35 |
8 | 2 | 5.41 | 16 | 3.46 | 14, 33 |
9 | 3 | 8.11 | 27 | 5.84 | 22, 23, 26 |
10 | 1 | 2.7 | 10 | 2.16 | 25 |
11 | 3 | 8.11 | 33 | 7.14 | 9, 11, 32 |
12 | 2 | 5.41 | 24 | 5.19 | 8, 15 |
14 | 2 | 5.41 | 28 | 6.06 | 9, 36 |
15 | 1 | 2.7 | 15 | 3.25 | 28 |
16 | 2 | 5.41 | 32 | 6.93 | 27, 29 |
17 | 1 | 2.7 | 17 | 3.68 | 12 |
18 | 1 | 2.7 | 18 | 3.9 | 37 |
19 | 2 | 5.41 | 38 | 8.23 | 6, 18 |
20 | 1 | 2.7 | 20 | 4.33 | 3 |
21 | 1 | 2.7 | 21 | 4.55 | 17 |
27 | 1 | 2.7 | 27 | 5.84 | 20 |
28 | 1 | 2.7 | 28 | 6.06 | 21 |
30 | 1 | 2.7 | 30 | 6.49 | 7 |
31 | 1 | 2.7 | 31 | 6.71 | 10 |
Total | 37 of 37 | 100.01 | 462 of 462 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 37 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 53 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 462 |
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 12.49 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 8.72 |
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.43 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 36.95 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 739,000 |
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 40.22 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00063 |
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 25,006.77 |
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,429 kg <br /> 6,429 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 62,516.91 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations Likely military
References
- ^ Westermark, Ulla (2018), The coinage of Akragas c. 510-406 BC, 2 vol., Uppsala.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.