Himera, silver, drachms (530-482 BCE)
From SILVER
530 BCE - 482 BCE Silver 13,563 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Rooster walking left. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Incuse square with mill-sail pattern, all within segmented linear border. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Himera | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Sicily | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 530 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 482 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Archaic until 480 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 5.75 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
AC 55 - Himera, silver, drachma, 530-482 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Kraay 19831Kraay 1983 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 715, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 55, HGC 24HGC 2, n° 421 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 37 | 48.68 | 37 | 22.98 | 2, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 17, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 37, 38, 46, 48, 52, 54, 55, 56, 57, 61, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67 |
| 2 | 19 | 25 | 38 | 23.6 | 3, 6, 9, 15, 18, 23, 35, 39, 40, 43, 44, 47, 53, 58, 59, 60, 70, 73, 75 |
| 3 | 6 | 7.89 | 18 | 11.18 | 4, 20, 42, 49, 51, 77 |
| 4 | 8 | 10.53 | 32 | 19.88 | 10, 41, 45, 50, 68, 69, 71, 76 |
| 5 | 2 | 2.63 | 10 | 6.21 | 16, 36 |
| 6 | 3 | 3.95 | 18 | 11.18 | 1, 63, 72 |
| 8 | 1 | 1.32 | 8 | 4.97 | 14 |
| Total | 76 of 76 | 100 | 161 of 161 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 76 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 37 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 65 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 161 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.12 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.48 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.86 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 48.68 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 117.94 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,358,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 143.95 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00007 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 77.02% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,730.2 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 13,563 kg <br /> 13,563 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 6,825.5 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Kraay, Colin M. (1983), The archaic Coinage of Himera, Centro Internazionale di Studi Numismatici 1, Naples, 102 p., 15 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
