Velia, silver, didrachms (305/4-280 BCE)
From SILVER
305 BCE - 280 BCE Silver 12,419 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right or left, wearing crested Attic helmet. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | YEΛITΩN (Greek).Lion standing to right, pentagram between Φ-I above |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Velia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lucania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 305 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 280 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Williams 1992 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 459-460, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 7, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 1306, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 1319 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 13 | 1 | 1.19 | 13 | 290 | |
| 14 | 1 | 1.19 | 14 | 264 | |
| 21 | 1 | 1.19 | 21 | 199 | |
| 22 | 1 | 1.19 | 22 | 244 | |
| 29 | 1 | 1.19 | 29 | 210 | |
| 32 | 1 | 1.19 | 32 | 235 | |
| 33 | 1 | 1.19 | 33 | 232 | |
| 36 | 1 | 1.19 | 36 | 201 | |
| 37 | 1 | 1.19 | 37 | 205 | |
| 39 | 1 | 1.19 | 39 | 238 | |
| 43 | 1 | 1.19 | 43 | 266 | |
| 1 | 2 | 2.38 | 2 | 243, 268 | |
| 2 | 4 | 4.76 | 8 | 256, 258, 262, 292 | |
| 3 | 2 | 2.38 | 6 | 242, 272 | |
| 4 | 3 | 3.57 | 12 | 227, 259, 293 | |
| 5 | 2 | 2.38 | 10 | 224, 245 | |
| 6 | 2 | 2.38 | 12 | 247, 261 | |
| 7 | 3 | 3.57 | 21 | 229, 237, 294 | |
| 8 | 6 | 7.14 | 48 | 231, 239, 263, 270, 271, 291 | |
| 9 | 5 | 5.95 | 45 | 209, 212, 222, 223, 248 | |
| 10 | 4 | 4.76 | 40 | 198, 200, 218, 219 | |
| 11 | 4 | 4.76 | 44 | 193, 208, 220, 251 | |
| 12 | 5 | 5.95 | 60 | 213, 234, 249, 250, 255 | |
| 15 | 2 | 2.38 | 30 | 206, 254 | |
| 16 | 5 | 5.95 | 80 | 216, 228, 241, 260, 265 | |
| 17 | 5 | 5.95 | 85 | 195, 215, 225, 230, 246 | |
| 18 | 3 | 3.57 | 54 | 196, 226, 252 | |
| 19 | 2 | 2.38 | 38 | 221, 253 | |
| 23 | 2 | 2.38 | 46 | 214, 233 | |
| 24 | 3 | 3.57 | 72 | 211, 236, 240 | |
| 25 | 2 | 2.38 | 50 | 194, 207 | |
| 28 | 3 | 3.57 | 84 | 203, 204, 257 | |
| 30 | 2 | 2.38 | 60 | 217, 267 | |
| 38 | 2 | 2.38 | 76 | 197, 269 | |
| Total | 84 of 84 | 99.96 | 1302 of 1,302 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 84 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 118 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 1302 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 11.03 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.4 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 2.38 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 82.79 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,655,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 89.79 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00079 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.85% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 31,453.07 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 12,419 kg <br /> 12,419 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 78,632.69 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Williams, Roderick T. (1992), The silver coinage of Velia, Royal Numismatic Society. Special publication. No. 25, London, xi, 152 p., 47 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
