Velia, silver, didrachms (290-280/75 BCE)
From SILVER
290 BCE - 275 BCE Silver 2,513 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Athena right or left, wearing crested Attic helmet. Border of dots. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | YEΛITΩN (Greek).Lion attacking stag to left, YEΛHTON behind. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Velia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lucania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 290 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 275 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | didrachm
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Williams 1992 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 461, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 8, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 1318, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 1326 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 5.88 | 1 | 0.38 | 289 |
| 3 | 1 | 5.88 | 3 | 1.14 | 287 |
| 6 | 1 | 5.88 | 6 | 2.27 | 277 |
| 7 | 1 | 5.88 | 7 | 2.65 | 282 |
| 9 | 1 | 5.88 | 9 | 3.41 | 285 |
| 16 | 1 | 5.88 | 16 | 6.06 | 280 |
| 17 | 1 | 5.88 | 17 | 6.44 | 275 |
| 20 | 1 | 5.88 | 20 | 7.58 | 281 |
| 23 | 1 | 5.88 | 23 | 8.71 | 284 |
| 39 | 1 | 5.88 | 39 | 14.77 | 286 |
| 12 | 2 | 11.76 | 24 | 9.09 | 274, 279 |
| 19 | 3 | 17.65 | 57 | 21.59 | 273, 276, 283 |
| 21 | 2 | 11.76 | 42 | 15.91 | 278, 288 |
| Total | 17 of 17 | 99.97 | 264 of 264 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 17 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 30 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 264 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.53 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 8.8 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.76 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5.88 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 16.75 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 335,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 18.17 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00079 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.62% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 31,522.39 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,513 kg <br /> 2,513 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 78,805.97 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Williams, Roderick T. (1992), The silver coinage of Velia, Royal Numismatic Society. Special publication. No. 25, London, xi, 152 p., 47 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
