Turiazu (Roman Republic), silver, denarii (bearded head/horseman) (135-120 BCE)
From SILVER
135 BCE - 120 BCE Silver 2,429 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Bearded head right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | (Iberic).Horseman right, holding spear |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Turiazu | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Hispania Citerior | Modern countryModern country: Spain | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 135 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 120 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius
|
StandardStandard.: | Roman |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Gozalbes 2009, p. 191-197 (Groups II-IV) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2ACIP, n° 1707 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 11 | 45.83 | 11 | 15.94 | 7, 8, 9, 13, 22, 29, 30, 32, 37, 38, 41 |
| 2 | 2 | 8.33 | 4 | 5.8 | 10, 11 |
| 3 | 3 | 12.5 | 9 | 13.04 | 6, 14, 21 |
| 4 | 4 | 16.67 | 16 | 23.19 | 12, 35, 36, 40 |
| 5 | 1 | 4.17 | 5 | 7.25 | 39 |
| 7 | 1 | 4.17 | 7 | 10.14 | 31 |
| 8 | 1 | 4.17 | 8 | 11.59 | 28 |
| 9 | 1 | 4.17 | 9 | 13.04 | 23 |
| Total | 24 of 24 | 100.01 | 69 of 69 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 24 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 11 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 23 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 69 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.88 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.96 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 45.83 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 31.14 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 622,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 36.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00011 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 84.06% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,431.6 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,429 kg <br /> 2,429 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 11,079 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
