Tigranocerta (Tigranes II), silver, tetradrachms (Tigranes/seated Tyche) (80-68 BCE) Nercessian 2006

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 9213

83 BCE - 69 BCE Silver 20,377 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Head of the king Tigranes to right, wearing the diademed royal tiara orned with a star between two eagles, a drapery around the neck, within a circle of perles et pirouettes.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ TIΓΡΑΝΟΥ (Greek).Tyche of Antioch seated on a rock to right, wearing a mural crown and a long tunic, holding a palm in the right hand. At her feet, the river Orontus personified three quarter right, head facing. In the right field, one/several letter(s) and/or a monogram. On the rock, a letter or a monogram (for certain issues). All within a laurel wreath.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Tigranocerta

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Armenia

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Armenian kingdom, Tigranes II of Armenia (Artaxiad king, c. 95-56 BC)

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

83 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

69 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

15.90

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

tetradrachm

StandardStandard.:

Attic

Image

]]S 92 - Tigranocerta Tigranes II, tetradrachm, 80-68 BCE, Nercessian.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Nercessian 2006, p. 26-80
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Nercessian 2006
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/tigranes ii armenia.tigranocerta.kovacs.2016.71-76

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	14	21.88	14	1.82	9, 12, 13, 23, 27, 44, 46, 51, 52, 54, 59, 62, 66, 67
2	11	17.19	22	2.86	11, 18, 20, 25, 29, 30, 31, 36, 38, 50, 56
3	3	4.69	9	1.17	5, 16, 40
4	3	4.69	12	1.56	15, 24, 47
5	3	4.69	15	1.95	8, 28, 37
6	3	4.69	18	2.34	3, 45, 64
7	1	1.56	7	0.91	35
8	2	3.13	16	2.08	42, 53
10	1	1.56	10	1.3	4
11	1	1.56	11	1.43	49
13	2	3.13	26	3.39	7, 43
14	1	1.56	14	1.82	19
17	2	3.13	34	4.43	55, 58
18	1	1.56	18	2.34	60
19	2	3.13	38	4.95	21, 65
20	1	1.56	20	2.6	61
21	1	1.56	21	2.73	63
22	1	1.56	22	2.86	17
23	1	1.56	23	2.99	10
25	1	1.56	25	3.26	33
27	1	1.56	27	3.52	22
36	1	1.56	36	4.69	57
37	1	1.56	37	4.82	32
39	1	1.56	39	5.08	2
41	1	1.56	41	5.34	34
42	1	1.56	42	5.47	39
48	1	1.56	48	6.25	41
59	1	1.56	59	7.68	6
64	1	1.56	64	8.33	1
Total	64 of 64	99.99	768 of 768	99.97

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	64	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	14
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	518	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	768
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	12	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.48
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	8.09	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	21.88 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	64.08	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	1,281,600
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	69.82	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00060
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	98.18%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	23,970.04
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	20,377 kg <br /> 20,377 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	59,925.09

Remarks

Most likely one single workstation Certainly military

References

a b Nercessian, Yeghia T. (2006), Silver Coinage of the Artaxiad Dynasty of Armenia, Los Angeles, ix, 212 p., 96 pl.