Tigranocerta (Tigranes II), silver, tetradrachms (Tigranes/seated Tyche) (80-68 BCE) Callataÿ
From SILVER
80 BCE - 68 BCE Silver 17,032 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Draped bust to right, wearing Armenian tiara with five peaks and emblazoned with star between two eagles, bead and reel border around |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ TIΓΡΑΝΟΥ (Greek).Tyche of Antioch seated to right on rock pile, holding palm, river god Orontes swimming below to right, Θ to inner right, ΔH monogram to lower left, all within laurel wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Tigranocerta | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Armenia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Tigranes II of Armenia (Artaxiad king, c. 95-56 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 80 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 68 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Callataÿ 1997a | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 309, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Nercessian 2006 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 17 | 34.69 | 17 | 7.05 | 9, 14, 15, 21, 29, 31, 33, 36, 37, 41, 42, 44, 45, 1, 2, 3, 4 |
| 2 | 8 | 16.33 | 16 | 6.64 | 3, 5, 8, 22, 24, 26, 28, 34 |
| 3 | 6 | 12.24 | 18 | 7.47 | 4, 6, 11, 16, 20, 35 |
| 5 | 4 | 8.16 | 20 | 8.3 | 12, 32, 39, 43 |
| 6 | 2 | 4.08 | 12 | 4.98 | 7, 27 |
| 8 | 1 | 2.04 | 8 | 3.32 | 10 |
| 9 | 2 | 4.08 | 18 | 7.47 | 18, 38 |
| 11 | 2 | 4.08 | 22 | 9.13 | 13, 40 |
| 13 | 1 | 2.04 | 13 | 5.39 | 1 |
| 15 | 2 | 4.08 | 30 | 12.45 | 23, 30 |
| 16 | 2 | 4.08 | 32 | 13.28 | 2, 25 |
| 17 | 1 | 2.04 | 17 | 7.05 | 17 |
| 18 | 1 | 2.04 | 18 | 7.47 | 19 |
| Total | 49 of 49 | 99.98 | 241 of 241 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 49 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 17 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 192 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 241 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.92 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.26 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.92 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 34.69 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 54.59 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,091,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 61.51 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00022 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.95% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 8,829.46 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 17,032 kg <br /> 17,032 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 22,073.64 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), L'histoire des guerres mithridatiques vue par les monnaies, Numismatica Lovaniensia 18, Louvain-la-Neuve, XIII + 481 p. et 54 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Nercessian, Yeghia T. (2006), Silver Coinage of the Artaxiad Dynasty of Armenia, Los Angeles, ix, 212 p., 96 pl.
