Thrace (uncertain mint) (Aelis), bronze, 8.0g (Dioscuri/horses) (188-180 BCE)
From SILVER
188 BCE - 180 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Heads of the Dioskouroi to right, wearing laureate piloi |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ to right, ΑΙΛΙΟΣ to left (Greek).Two jugate horse heads to right, monogram below |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Thrace (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Scythian kings, Aelis |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 188 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 180 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1980 Aelis 1.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Draganov 20151Draganov 2015, p. 232-248, n° 572-681 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 3.22HGC 3.2, n° 2025 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 3 | 1 | 11.11 | 3 | 2.73 | 7 |
| 4 | 1 | 11.11 | 4 | 3.64 | 1 |
| 5 | 2 | 22.22 | 10 | 9.09 | 3, 8 |
| 8 | 1 | 11.11 | 8 | 7.27 | 5 |
| 14 | 1 | 11.11 | 14 | 12.73 | 6 |
| 16 | 1 | 11.11 | 16 | 14.55 | 4 |
| 22 | 1 | 11.11 | 22 | 20 | 2 |
| 33 | 1 | 11.11 | 33 | 30 | 9 |
| Total | 9 of 9 | 99.99 | 110 of 110 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 39 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 110 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 12.22 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.82 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 4.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 9 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 180,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 9.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00061 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 24,444.44 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 61,111.11 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Draganov, Dimitar (2015), The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area, Sofia, Bobokov Bros. Foundation, 309 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
