Thrace (uncertain mint) (Aelis), bronze, 3.5g (Helios /stars) (188-180 BCE)
From SILVER
188 BCE - 180 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Radiate head of Helios facing |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕ above, ΑΙΛΙΟΣ below (Greek).Two stars and monogram |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Thrace (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Thrace | Modern countryModern country: Bulgaria | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Scythian kings, Aelis |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 188 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 180 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
S1983 Ailis Helios star.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Draganov 20151Draganov 2015, p. 248, n° 688-709, p. 256, n° 751-752 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | HGC 3.22HGC 3.2, n° 2030 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 16.67 | 1 | 4.17 | 17 |
| 2 | 1 | 16.67 | 2 | 8.33 | 22 |
| 4 | 2 | 33.33 | 8 | 33.33 | 13, 14 |
| 5 | 1 | 16.67 | 5 | 20.83 | 15 |
| 8 | 1 | 16.67 | 8 | 33.33 | 16 |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100.01 | 24 of 24 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 9 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 24 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.67 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.5 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 6.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 139,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00017 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95.83% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,866.95 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 17,167.38 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Draganov, Dimitar (2015), The coinage of the Scythian kings in the West Pontic area, Sofia, Bobokov Bros. Foundation, 309 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
