Sinope? (Mithridates Eupator), silver, tetradrachms (Mithridates/stag) (85-64 BCE)
From SILVER
85 BCE - 64 BCE Silver 37,488 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Diademed head of Mithradates VI right, with windswept hair |
| Reverse: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΙΘΡΑΔΑΤΟΥ ΕΥΠΑΤΟΡΟΣ (Greek).Stag standing left on ground line, head lowered to graze, star within crescent above, all within ivy wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Sinope | Ancient region: | Pontus | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: | Mithridates VI Eupator (king of the Pontic kingdom, c. 120-63 BC), Pontic kingdom |
Chronology
| From | 85 BCE | to | 64 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Silver
|
Median weight in grams | 16.70 | Denomination: | tetradrachm
|
Standard: | Attic |
Image
,_silver,_tetradrachms_(88-64_BCE).jpg)
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Callataÿ 1997a, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Callataÿ 2014 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear II, n° 7247 and 7249, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMH, n° 196, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 7, n° 340-342 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 31 | 35.23 | 31 | 11.79 | 2, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 25, 31, 35, 36, 40, 41, 44, 51, 64, 68, 69, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 78, 3, 8 |
| 2 | 15 | 17.05 | 30 | 11.41 | 22, 26, 29, 43, 47, 50, 55, 58, 59, 63, 65, 75, 77, 1, 4 |
| 3 | 17 | 19.32 | 51 | 19.39 | 1, 8, 10, 11, 12, 21, 23, 24, 28, 33, 38, 42, 45, 46, 57, 66, 70 |
| 4 | 11 | 12.5 | 44 | 16.73 | 30, 32, 39, 53, 54, 60, 62, 67, 2, 5, 7 |
| 5 | 5 | 5.68 | 25 | 9.51 | 4, 18, 37, 56, 6 |
| 6 | 3 | 3.41 | 18 | 6.84 | 27, 49, 52 |
| 8 | 1 | 1.14 | 8 | 3.04 | 61 |
| 10 | 2 | 2.27 | 20 | 7.6 | 5, 34 |
| 12 | 3 | 3.41 | 36 | 13.69 | 3, 48, 1 |
| Total | 88 of 88 | 100.01 | 263 of 263 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 88 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 31 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 191 | Number of coins (n) | 263 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 2.99 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.38 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 2.17 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 35.23 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 112.24 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 2,244,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 132.25 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00012 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.21% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 4,686.39 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 37,488 kg <br /> 37,488 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 11,715.97 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), L'histoire des guerres mithridatiques vue par les monnaies, Numismatica Lovaniensia 18, Louvain-la-Neuve, XIII + 481 p. et 54 pl.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2014), “Revisiting a numismatic corpus: the case of Eupator, last king of Pontus”, in K. Dörtlük, O. Tekin and R. Boyraz Seyhan (eds.), Proceedings of the First International Congress of the Anatolian Monetary History and Numismatics, 25-28 February 2013 Antalya, Antalya, p. 117-137.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
