Sinope?, silver, sigloi (480-430 BCE)
From SILVER
480 BCE - 430 BCE Silver 23,351 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of sea-eagle facing left, dolphin below left. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Quadripartite incuse square with alternating quarters filled |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sinope | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Paphlagonia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 480 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 430 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | sigloi | StandardStandard.: | persian |
Image
RQMAC 209 - Sinope, silver, drachma, 480-430 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Pfisterer 20001Pfisterer 2000 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 3687-3689, RQEMAC3RQEMAC, n° 209, HGC 74HGC 7, n° 384-388 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 110 | 67.48 | 110 | 18.52 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 21, 24, 25, 26, 39, 43, 46, 51, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 90, 91, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 122, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, 153, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162 |
| 2 | 13 | 7.98 | 26 | 4.38 | 20, 27, 28, 38, 50, 56, 111, 113, 120, 121, 123, 133, 163 |
| 3 | 10 | 6.13 | 30 | 5.05 | 19, 29, 37, 41, 42, 52, 55, 94, 112, 125 |
| 4 | 5 | 3.07 | 20 | 3.37 | 9, 23, 44, 45, 86 |
| 5 | 2 | 1.23 | 10 | 1.68 | 36, 40 |
| 6 | 1 | 0.61 | 6 | 1.01 | 95 |
| 7 | 4 | 2.45 | 28 | 4.71 | 22, 47, 48, 87 |
| 8 | 4 | 2.45 | 32 | 5.39 | 30, 35, 53, 85 |
| 10 | 1 | 0.61 | 10 | 1.68 | 34 |
| 11 | 1 | 0.61 | 11 | 1.85 | 49 |
| 12 | 3 | 1.84 | 36 | 6.06 | 33, 92, 93 |
| 13 | 1 | 0.61 | 13 | 2.19 | 89 |
| 14 | 1 | 0.61 | 14 | 2.36 | 32 |
| 17 | 2 | 1.23 | 34 | 5.72 | 88, 96 |
| 20 | 1 | 0.61 | 20 | 3.37 | 98 |
| 28 | 1 | 0.61 | 28 | 4.71 | 97 |
| 60 | 1 | 0.61 | 60 | 10.1 | |
| Total | 161 of 163 | 98.74 | 488 of 594 | 82.15 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 163 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 110 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 168 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 594 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.64 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.54 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.03 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 67.48 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 194.59 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,891,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 224.65 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00015 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 81.48% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,105.14 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 23,351 kg <br /> 23,351 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 15,262.86 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Pfisterer, Matthias (2000), Ein Silberschatz vom Schwarzen Meer. Beobachtungen zum Geldumlauf im Achaimenidenreich, Studia Iranica 22, Paris, 100 p., 19 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
