Sidon (Alexander the Great), gold, staters (Athena/standing Nike) (332-308 BCE)
From SILVER
332 BCE - 308 BCE Gold 77,297 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Helmeted head of Athena right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛEΞANΔPOY (Greek).Nike standing left, holding wreath and cradling stylis, ΣI below left wing, palm frond below right wing. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sidon | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC), Macedonian kingdom |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 332 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 308 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Gold
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 8.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Newell 1916, p. 8-20 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Price 1991, n° 3456-3517, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.1, n° 893-895 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 13 | 37.14 | 13 | 12.62 | B, C, E, F, I, L, M, N, R, T, U, X, EE |
| 2 | 10 | 28.57 | 20 | 19.42 | A, G, K, O, Y, Z, AA, BB, DD, JJ |
| 3 | 5 | 14.29 | 15 | 14.56 | D, V, W, FF, GG |
| 4 | 3 | 8.57 | 12 | 11.65 | H, J, II |
| 5 | 2 | 5.71 | 10 | 9.71 | P, CC |
| 13 | 1 | 2.86 | 13 | 12.62 | S |
| 20 | 1 | 2.86 | 20 | 19.42 | Q |
| Total | 35 of 35 | 100 | 103 of 103 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 35 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 13 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 55 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 103 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.94 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.87 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.57 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 37.14 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 44.94 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 898,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 53.01 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00011 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 87.38% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,583.89 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 77,297 kg <br /> 77,297 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 11,459.72 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Newell, Edward T. (1916), The dated Alexander coinage of Sidon and Ake, Yale University Press, New Haven, 72 p.
- ^ Price, Martin Jessop (1991), The Coinage in the Name of Alexander the Great and Philip Arrhidaeus: a British Museum Catalogue, 2 vol., Zürich-London, 637 p., 637 p., clix pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2016), Handbook of coins of Macedon and its neighbors. 3. Part I: Macedon, Illyria, and Epeiros, sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 437 p.
