Sidon (`Abd`aštart), silver, half shekels (365-352 BCE)
From SILVER
365 BCE - 352 BCE Silver 501 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Phoenician galley left, (11 in Phoenician) above, waves below |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | King of Persia and driver in chariot drawn by two horses left, 'B (in Phoenician) above |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sidon | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire, `Abd`aštart (king of Sidon, 365-352 BCE) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 365 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 352 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 6.20 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | half shekel | StandardStandard.: | Persian |
Image
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References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Elayi - Elayi 2004, p. 203-204, n° 1374-1382 (Group IV.2.2) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5938, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 10, n° 243 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 66.67 | 2 | 25 | 1, 3 |
| 6 | 1 | 33.33 | 6 | 75 | 2 |
| Total | 3 of 3 | 100 | 8 of 8 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 3 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 4 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 8 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.67 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.33 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 66.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 4.04 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 80,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 4.8 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00010 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 75% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,960.4 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 501 kg <br /> 501 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,900.99 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2004), Le monnayage de la cité phénicienne de Sidon à l'époque perse (Ve-IVe s. av. J.-C.), Transeuphratène Suppl. 11, Paris, Gabalda, 2 v., 855 p., 77 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
