Sidon, bronze (c 3.5g) (Tyche/Europa) (169-145 BCE)
From SILVER
169 BCE - 145 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | Bust of Tyche right, wearing mural crown. In the field, one/several letter(s) or symbol (deer, eagle, caduceus). Border of dots. |
| Reverse: | LSDNM (Phoenician).Europa seated on Zeus metamorphosed in a bull left, holding her veil inflated by the wind above her head. Border of dots. |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Sidon | Ancient region: | Phoenicia | Modern country: Lebanon | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 169 BCE | to | 145 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 3.50 | Denomination: | Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Abou Diwan 2012, p. 94-95, n° 41-58 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 10, n° 290 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 15 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 13 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 12 | Number of coins (n) | 18 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.2 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.5 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 0.8 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 86.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 69.28 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 1,385,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 90 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 27.78% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 519.63 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 1,299.08 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Abou Diwan, Georges (2012), "Le monnayage civique non daté de Sidon: Opportunisme civique et pragmatisme royal (169/8-111/0 av. J.-C.)", American Journal of Numismatic, 24, p. 91-121.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
