Sidon, bronze, 4th shekels (galley/archer) (370-333 BCE)
From SILVER
370 BCE - 333 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Phoenician galley to left, with date above, below galley, waves |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | The Persian Great King in kneeling-running stance right, holding spear in his right hand and bow in his left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Sidon | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Phoenicia | Modern countryModern country: Lebanon | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Persian Empire |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 370 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 333 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
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Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 3.00 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Elayi - Elayi 2004, p. 364-381, n° 2457-2593 (Group IV.7.7) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 10, n° 251 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 38 | 77.55 | 38 | 60.32 | 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49 |
| 2 | 8 | 16.33 | 16 | 25.4 | 2, 6, 8, 10, 13, 26, 37, 45 |
| 3 | 3 | 6.12 | 9 | 14.29 | 17, 23, 24 |
| Total | 49 of 49 | 100 | 63 of 63 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 49 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 38 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 53 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 63 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.29 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.19 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.08 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 77.55 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 173.14 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 3,462,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 220.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 39.68% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 727.73 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,819.34 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2004), Le monnayage de la cité phénicienne de Sidon à l'époque perse (Ve-IVe s. av. J.-C.), Transeuphratène Suppl. 11, Paris, Gabalda, 2 v., 855 p., 77 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
