Sidon, bronze, 4th shekels (galley/archer) (370-333 BCE)
From SILVER
370 BCE - 333 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | Phoenician galley to left, with date above, below galley, waves |
| Reverse: | The Persian Great King in kneeling-running stance right, holding spear in his right hand and bow in his left |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Sidon | Ancient region: | Phoenicia | Modern country: Lebanon | Authority: | Persian Empire |
Chronology
| From | 370 BCE | to | 333 BCE | Period: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 3.00 | Denomination: | Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Elayi - Elayi 2004, p. 364-381, n° 2457-2593 (Group IV.7.7) | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2HGC 10, n° 251 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 38 | 77.55 | 38 | 60.32 | 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47, 48, 49 |
| 2 | 8 | 16.33 | 16 | 25.4 | 2, 6, 8, 10, 13, 26, 37, 45 |
| 3 | 3 | 6.12 | 9 | 14.29 | 17, 23, 24 |
| Total | 49 of 49 | 100 | 63 of 63 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 49 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 38 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 53 | Number of coins (n) | 63 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 1.29 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.19 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.08 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 77.55 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 173.14 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 3,462,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 220.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00002 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 39.68% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 727.73 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 1,819.34 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Elayi, Josette - Elayi, Alain G. (2004), Le monnayage de la cité phénicienne de Sidon à l'époque perse (Ve-IVe s. av. J.-C.), Transeuphratène Suppl. 11, Paris, Gabalda, 2 v., 855 p., 77 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 10. handbook of coins of the Southern Levant : Phoenicia, southern Koile Syria (including Judaea), and Arabia, Lancaster-London, lxxix, 201 p.
