S 682 - Emporiae, silver, drachms (218-195 BCE)
From SILVER
218 BCE - 195 BCE Silver 25,444 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Wreathed head of Arethusa right, three dolphins around |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΕΜΠΟΡΙΤΩΝ (Greek).Pegasos flying right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Emporiae | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Hispania Citerior | Modern countryModern country: Spain | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Roman Republic |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 218 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 195 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.75 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
S 682 - Emporiae, silver, drachma, 218-195 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Villaronga 20031Villaronga 2003, n° 1-659. | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | ACIP2ACIP, n° 187 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 130 | 61.03 | 130 | 19.82 | 1.1, 1.2, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.13, 1.14, 1.16, 1.17, 1.18, 1.19, 1.20, 1.21, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.8, 2.11, 2.12, 2.13, 2.14, 2.16, 2.18, 2.22, 2.25, 2.26, 2.30, 2.32, 2.33, 2.34, 2.35, 2.36, 2.37, 2.38, 2.39, 2.40, 2.41, 2.42, 2.43, 2.44, 2.45, 2.46, 2.47, 2.48, 3.5, 3.11, 3.13, 3.14, 3.15, 3.23, 4.1, 4.2, 5.3, 5.8, 5.10, 5.11, 5.12, 5.13, 5.15, 5.16, 5.17, 5.18, 5.22, 5.23, 6.5, 6.8, 6.9, 6.10, 6.11, 6.12, 6.14, 6.16, 6.17, 6.18, 6.19, 6.23, 6.26, 6.27, 6.30, 6.33, 6.36, 6.37, 6.38, 6.39, 6.40, 6.41, 6.43, 6.45, 6.46, 6.48, 6.49, 6.50, 6.51, 6.52, 6.53, 6.54, 6.55, 6.56, 6.57, 6.59, 6.61, 6.62, 6.63, 6.65, 6.66, 6.67, 6.68, 6.69, 6.70, 6.71, 6.72, 6.73, 6.74, 6.75, 6.76, 6.77, 6.78, 6.79, 6.80, 6.82, 6.83, 6.84, 6.85, 6.86, 6.87, 6.88, 6.89, 7.2, 8.1 |
| 2 | 31 | 14.55 | 62 | 9.45 | 1.9, 1.10, 2.6, 2.10, 2.19, 2.20, 2.23, 2.24, 2.27, 2.28, 2.31, 3.6, 3.7, 3.16, 3.17, 3.19, 3.20, 3.21, 5.2, 5.21, 6.1, 6.13, 6.20, 6.29, 6.32, 6.35, 6.42, 6.58, 6.60, 6.64, 7.1 |
| 3 | 10 | 4.69 | 30 | 4.57 | 1.3, 1.11, 2.15, 3.2, 3.12, 3.18, 5.9, 5.19, 6.28, 6.34 |
| 4 | 8 | 3.76 | 32 | 4.88 | 1.4, 2.7, 2.17, 3.22, 6.15, 6.25, 6.47, 6.81 |
| 5 | 6 | 2.82 | 30 | 4.57 | 2.9, 2.29, 3.9, 4.7, 5.1, 6.24 |
| 6 | 4 | 1.88 | 24 | 3.66 | 2.4, 2.5, 3.8, 6.7 |
| 7 | 3 | 1.41 | 21 | 3.2 | 2.21, 3.3, 5.7 |
| 8 | 4 | 1.88 | 32 | 4.88 | 1.15, 3.10, 4.5, 6.6 |
| 9 | 4 | 1.88 | 36 | 5.49 | 4.3, 4.4, 5.14, 6.3 |
| 10 | 1 | 0.47 | 10 | 1.52 | 6.4 |
| 11 | 1 | 0.47 | 11 | 1.68 | 5.20 |
| 12 | 1 | 0.47 | 12 | 1.83 | 1.12 |
| 13 | 2 | 0.94 | 26 | 3.96 | 4.6, 5.4 |
| 15 | 2 | 0.94 | 30 | 4.57 | 3.1, 5.5 |
| 18 | 1 | 0.47 | 18 | 2.74 | 6.22 |
| 25 | 1 | 0.47 | 25 | 3.81 | 6.31 |
| 27 | 1 | 0.47 | 27 | 4.12 | 3.4 |
| 29 | 1 | 0.47 | 29 | 4.42 | 6.2 |
| 34 | 1 | 0.47 | 34 | 5.18 | 5.6 |
| 37 | 1 | 0.47 | 37 | 5.64 | 6.21 |
| Total | 213 of 213 | 100.01 | 656 of 656 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 213 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 130 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 306 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 656 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.08 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.14 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.44 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 61.03 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 267.83 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 5,356,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 315.41 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00012 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 80.18% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 4,898.63 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 25,444 kg <br /> 25,444 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 12,246.57 |
Remarks
