S 417 - Cyzicus, silver, tetradrachms (398-395 BCE)
From SILVER
398 BCE - 395 BCE Silver 16,185 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΦΑΡΝΑΒΑ (Greek).Head of Pharnabazos right, wearing satrapal cap tied below his chin, and diadem. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Ornate prow of galley left, two dolphins downward, below, tunny left, all within shallow incuse circle. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Cyzicus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Mysia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Pharnabazus II (Achaemenid Persian Satrap in Asia Minor, c. 413-374 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 398 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 395 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 14.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Maffre 2004 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 11 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 9 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 8 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 13 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.18 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.63 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 0.73 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 81.82 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 54.68 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,093,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 71.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00001 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 30.77% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 475.49 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 16,185 kg <br /> 16,185 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 1,188.73 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Maffre, Frédéric (2004), "Le monnayage de Pharnabaze frappé dans l’atelier de Cyzique", Numismatic Chronicle, 164, p. 1-32, pl. 1-2.
