S 2057 - Bactria (uncertain mint) (Diodotus I and II), silver, tetradrachms (255-220 BCE) Kovalenko
From SILVER
255 BCE - 220 BCE Silver 21,954 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed head to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ to right, ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ to left (Greek).Zeus Bremetes advancing to left, brandishing aegis and thunderbolt, monogram above eagle at inner left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Bactria (uncertain mint) | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bactria | Modern countryModern country: Afghanistan | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Bactrian Kingdom, Diodotus I of Bactria (Seleucid satrap and king in Bactria, c. 255/50-239 BC), Diodotus II of Bactria (king in Bactria, 239-223 C) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 255 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 220 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
S2057 Diodotus tetradrachms.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Kovalenko 19961Kovalenko 1996, p. 19-31 (Series I-XIX) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear II2Sear II, n° 7498, HGC 93HGC 9, n° 244 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 24 | 51.06 | 24 | 20.34 | 1, 2, 4, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 19, 25, 27, 28, 29, 30, 33, 34, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 44 |
| 2 | 8 | 17.02 | 16 | 13.56 | 17, 20, 21, 23, 24, 31, 42, 47 |
| 3 | 4 | 8.51 | 12 | 10.17 | 16, 18, 35, 45 |
| 4 | 4 | 8.51 | 16 | 13.56 | 22, 26, 32, 46 |
| 5 | 2 | 4.26 | 10 | 8.47 | 3, 9 |
| 6 | 2 | 4.26 | 12 | 10.17 | 7, 10 |
| 8 | 1 | 2.13 | 8 | 6.78 | 8 |
| 9 | 1 | 2.13 | 9 | 7.63 | 6 |
| 11 | 1 | 2.13 | 11 | 9.32 | 5 |
| Total | 47 of 47 | 100.01 | 118 of 118 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 47 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 24 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 118 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 2.51 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 51.06 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 65.34 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,306,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 78.11 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00009 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 79.66% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 3,611.88 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 21,954 kg <br /> 21,954 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 9,029.69 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Kovalenko, Sergei (1995/1996), "The coinage of Diodotus I and Diodotus II, Greek kings of Bactria", Silk Road Art and Archaeology, 4, p. 17-64, pl. I-X.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2009), Handbook of ancient Syrian coins : royal and civic issues, fourth to first centuries BC, The Handbook of Greek Coinage 9, Lancaster, lxix, 332 p.
