S 1930 - Ephesus (Augustus), silver, cistophori (25-20 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 13380

25 BCE - 20 BCE Silver 101,350 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	IMP CAESAR (Latin).Bare head of Augustus right
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	AVGVSTVS (Latin).Capricorn r., head reverted, carrying cornucopia on its back, all within laurel wreath

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Ephesus

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Ionia

Modern countryModern country: Turkey

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

Roman Empire, Augustus (Roman emperor, 27 BC-14 AD)

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

25 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

20 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Roman ^{from 30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

12.00

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

cistophorus

StandardStandard.:

Image

S1930 Augustus cistophorus V-VI Ephesus.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	Sutherland 19701Sutherland 1970, p. 54-73 (Groups V-VI)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	RIC2RIC, n° 477, RPC I3RPC I, n° 2213

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	111	55.22	111	34.05	5/1, 5/5, 5/7, 5/8, 5/10, 5/12, 5/16, 5/17, 5/18, 5/22, 5/23, 6/1, 6/2, 6/5, 6/6, 6/8, 6/9, 6/10, 6/12, 6/14, 6/15, 6/16, 6/18, 6/21, 6/22, 6/23, 6/25, 6/26, 6/30, 6/31, 6/32, 6/34, 6/35, 6/36, 6/37, 6/40, 6/42, 6/43, 6/44, 6/46, 6/47, 6/48, 6/51, 6/54, 6/55, 6/56, 6/63, 6/64, 6/65, 6/66, 6/67, 6/68, 6/69, 6/70, 6/72, 6/75, 6/76, 6/78, 6/79, 6/82, 6/84, 6/86, 6/88, 6/91, 6/92, 6/93, 6/95, 6/96, 6/97, 6/98, 6/102, 6/103, 6/105, 6/106, 6/107, 6/108, 6/110, 6/111, 6/114, 6/115, 6/118, 6/119, 6/122, 6/124, 6/127, 6/132, 6/134, 6/135, 6/136, 6/138, 6/140, 6/141, 6/142, 6/143, 6/145, 6/146, 6/150, 6/152, 6/153, 6/154, 6/160, 6/162, 6/163, 6/164, 6/166, 6/168, 6/169, 6/170, 6/173, 6/174, 6/175
2	67	33.33	134	41.1	5/2, 5/3, 5/9, 5/11, 5/13, 5/14, 5/20, 5/21, 5/24, 6/3, 6/7, 6/11, 6/13, 6/17, 6/24, 6/27, 6/28, 6/29, 6/33, 6/38, 6/45, 6/49, 6/53, 6/57, 6/58, 6/59, 6/60, 6/61, 6/62, 6/71, 6/73, 6/74, 6/77, 6/81, 6/83, 6/85, 6/87, 6/89, 6/90, 6/94, 6/99, 6/100, 6/101, 6/109, 6/112, 6/113, 6/116, 6/117, 6/121, 6/125, 6/126, 6/128, 6/129, 6/130, 6/137, 6/139, 6/144, 6/147, 6/148, 6/149, 6/156, 6/158, 6/159, 6/161, 6/165, 6/167, 6/174
3	14	6.97	42	12.88	5/4, 5/15, 5/19, 5/25, 6/19, 6/20, 6/39, 6/41, 6/52, 6/104, 6/133, 6/155, 6/171, 6/172
4	7	3.48	28	8.59	5/6, 6/4, 6/50, 6/120, 6/123, 6/131, 6/157
5	1	0.5	5	1.53	6/151
6	1	0.5	6	1.84	6/80
Total	201 of 201	100	326 of 326	99.99

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	201	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	111
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	242	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	326
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	1.62	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	1.35
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.2	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	55.22 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	422.29	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	8,445,800
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	524.21	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00004
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	65.95%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	1,543.96
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	101,350 kg <br /> 101,350 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	3,859.91

Remarks

Most likely two workstations

References

^ Sutherland, C. H. V. (1970), The cistophori of Augustus, RNS Spec. Publ. 5, London, 134 p., 36 pl.
^ RIC
^ Amandry, Michel - Burnett, Andrew - Ripolles, Pere Pau (1998), Roman provincial coinage. I. From the death of Caesar to the death of Vitellius (44 BC-AC 69), London-Paris, 2 vol., xvii + 812 p., 195 pl.