S 1716 - Amphipolis, silver, tetrobols (shield/helmet) (196-168 BCE)
From SILVER
196 BCE - 168 BCE Silver 4,112 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | MA-KE (Greek).Macedonian shield, on boss, MA-KE above and below club |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | Macedonian helmet left, two monograms across central field, monogram and star flanking cheek guards |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Amphipolis | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Macedon | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Perseus (Antigonid king, c. 212-166 BC), Philip V of Macedonia (238-179 BCE) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 196 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 168 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetrobol
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Kremydi 2018, p. 76-95 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 1387, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 3.2, n° 324 | ||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 30 | 41.67 | 30 | 7.83 | 1, 6, 7, 11, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 29, 31, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 45, 49, 53, 54, 55, 57, 58, 61, 64, 66, 68, 71, 72 |
| 2 | 9 | 12.5 | 18 | 4.7 | 5, 14, 24, 30, 33, 52, 56, 63, 67 |
| 3 | 6 | 8.33 | 18 | 4.7 | 4, 16, 22, 28, 44, 48 |
| 4 | 4 | 5.56 | 16 | 4.18 | 10, 23, 43, 59 |
| 5 | 2 | 2.78 | 10 | 2.61 | 3, 69 |
| 6 | 2 | 2.78 | 12 | 3.13 | 8, 42 |
| 7 | 3 | 4.17 | 21 | 5.48 | 36, 40, 60 |
| 9 | 2 | 2.78 | 18 | 4.7 | 9, 27 |
| 10 | 4 | 5.56 | 40 | 10.44 | 2, 21, 47, 65 |
| 12 | 1 | 1.39 | 12 | 3.13 | 13 |
| 14 | 1 | 1.39 | 14 | 3.66 | 50 |
| 15 | 2 | 2.78 | 30 | 7.83 | 25, 26 |
| 17 | 1 | 1.39 | 17 | 4.44 | 32 |
| 18 | 1 | 1.39 | 18 | 4.7 | 51 |
| 19 | 2 | 2.78 | 38 | 9.92 | 46, 70 |
| 33 | 1 | 1.39 | 33 | 8.62 | 12 |
| 38 | 1 | 1.39 | 38 | 9.92 | 62 |
| Total | 72 of 72 | 100.03 | 383 of 383 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 72 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 30 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 116 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 383 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5.32 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 3.3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.61 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 41.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 79.08 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,581,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 88.67 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00024 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.17% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,686.39 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,112 kg <br /> 4,112 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 24,215.98 |
Remarks
Most likely more than 2 workstations
References
- ^ Kremydi, Sophia (2018), 'Autonomous' coinages under the late Antigonids, Melethmata 79, Athens, Institute of Historical Research, 406 p., 72 pl.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2017), Handbook of Coins of Macedon and Its Neighbors. 3. Part 2: Thrace, Skythia, and Taurike, Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, xix, 232 p.
