Rhodes, silver, tetradrachms (facing Helios/rose) (404-385 BCE) Ashton
From SILVER
404 BCE - 385 BCE Silver 84,433 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Helios facing slightly right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | POΔION above (Greek).Rose in profile, with grain ear 'budding' to left and rosebud to right, small Δ to lower left, all within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rhodes | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Rhodian power |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 404 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 385 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.10 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Chian |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton - Kinns - Konuk - Meadows 2002, p. 140-150, n° 1-250, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Ashton 2001, p. 99-101, n° 1-6 (Bérend) and 28-56 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear II, n° 5029, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4RQEMAC, n° 260, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 6, n° 1418 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 90 | 55.9 | 90 | 29.8 | 1, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, 18, 21, 22, 24, 28, 30, 31, 34, 35, 36, 39, 40, 42, 44, 48, 50, 51, 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 66, 67, 68, 72, 73, 77, 80, 81, 82, 83, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 99, 100, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 108, 109, 113, 114, 119, 120, 122, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 132, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 155, 160, 161 |
| 2 | 37 | 22.98 | 74 | 24.5 | 4, 8, 13, 14, 15, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33, 38, 47, 53, 54, 55, 56, 61, 76, 79, 96, 97, 107, 110, 111, 112, 129, 130, 131, 133, 134, 150, 154, 157, 158, 159 |
| 3 | 17 | 10.56 | 51 | 16.89 | 2, 32, 37, 41, 46, 65, 71, 74, 78, 85, 115, 117, 118, 121, 124, 140, 156 |
| 4 | 6 | 3.73 | 24 | 7.95 | 23, 45, 63, 86, 116, 153 |
| 5 | 7 | 4.35 | 35 | 11.59 | 6, 43, 49, 52, 75, 84, 98 |
| 6 | 1 | 0.62 | 6 | 1.99 | 3 |
| 7 | 2 | 1.24 | 14 | 4.64 | 69, 152 |
| 8 | 1 | 0.62 | 8 | 2.65 | 70 |
| Total | 161 of 161 | 100 | 302 of 302 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 161 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 90 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 176 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 302 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.88 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.72 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.09 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 55.9 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 279.58 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 5,591,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 344.84 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00005 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 70.2% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 2,160.38 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 84,433 kg <br /> 84,433 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 5,400.96 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard - Kinns, Philip - Konuk, Koray - Meadows, Andrew (2002), "The Hecatomnus Hoard (CH 5.17, 8.96, 9.387)", Coin Hoards, IX, London, p. 95-158
- ^ Ashton, Richard (2001), "The coinage of Rhodes 408-c.190 BC", in Andrew Meadows and Kirsty Shipton (eds.), Money and its uses in the ancient world, Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 79-115.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, volume 6 : handbook of coins of the islands: Adriatic, Ionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian seas (excluding Crete and Cyprus), sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 358 p.
