Rhodes, silver, hemidrachms (facing Helios/rose) (404-390 BCE)
From SILVER
404 BCE - 390 BCE Silver 3,948 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Helios facing, turned slightly to the right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΡΟΔΙΟΝ (retrograde) (Greek).Rose, grape bunches on vines flanking, all within incuse square |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rhodes | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Rhodian power |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 404 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 390 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 1.80 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | hemidrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Chian |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton - Kinns - Konuk - Meadows 2002, p. 150-157, n° 1-201, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Ashton 2001, p. 99-100 (408 coins, 95 obv.) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3Sear II, n° 5030, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HGC 6, n° 1426 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 23 | 24.21 | 23 | 5.82 | 10, 13, 15, 16, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30, 53, 56, 59, 62, 68, 73, 74, 75, 80, 81, 82, 84, 93 |
| 2 | 17 | 17.89 | 34 | 8.61 | 9, 12, 14, 24, 40, 48, 51, 52, 57, 58, 60, 63, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92 |
| 3 | 11 | 11.58 | 33 | 8.35 | 5, 6, 7, 11, 19, 32, 55, 61, 65, 70, 78 |
| 4 | 13 | 13.68 | 52 | 13.16 | 4, 8, 17, 20, 31, 34, 43, 50, 54, 76, 86, 87, 94 |
| 5 | 7 | 7.37 | 35 | 8.86 | 39, 64, 66, 67, 69, 71, 79 |
| 6 | 6 | 6.32 | 36 | 9.11 | 25, 36, 38, 44, 49, 72 |
| 7 | 3 | 3.16 | 21 | 5.32 | 41, 42, 77 |
| 8 | 2 | 2.11 | 16 | 4.05 | 1, 95 |
| 9 | 4 | 4.21 | 36 | 9.11 | 2, 26, 46, 84 |
| 10 | 2 | 2.11 | 20 | 5.06 | 21, 47 |
| 11 | 3 | 3.16 | 33 | 8.35 | 18, 35, 85 |
| 13 | 1 | 1.05 | 13 | 3.29 | 37 |
| 14 | 2 | 2.11 | 28 | 7.09 | 3, 33 |
| 15 | 1 | 1.05 | 15 | 3.8 | 45 |
| Total | 95 of 95 | 100.01 | 395 of 395 | 99.98 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 95 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 23 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 157 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 395 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.16 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.52 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.65 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 24.21 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 109.67 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 2,193,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 125.08 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00018 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.18% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,203.43 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,948 kg <br /> 3,948 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 18,008.57 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard - Kinns, Philip - Konuk, Koray - Meadows, Andrew (2002), "The Hecatomnus Hoard (CH 5.17, 8.96, 9.387)", Coin Hoards, IX, London, p. 95-158
- ^ Ashton, Richard (2001), "The coinage of Rhodes 408-c.190 BC", in Andrew Meadows and Kirsty Shipton (eds.), Money and its uses in the ancient world, Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 79-115.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, volume 6 : handbook of coins of the islands: Adriatic, Ionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian seas (excluding Crete and Cyprus), sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 358 p.
