Rhodes, bronze (veiled head/prow of galley) (226-220 BCE)
From SILVER
226 BCE - 220 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed and veiled female bust (of Berenike II?) to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | PO (Greek).Prow of galley to right, above, rose |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rhodes | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Rhodian power |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 226 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 220 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 2.70 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
H248 Rhodes Berenike.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ashton 19861Ashton 1986, n° 1-6, Ashton 20012Ashton 2001, p. 107, n° 242 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 248 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 40 | 2 | 25 | 1, 3 |
| 2 | 3 | 60 | 6 | 75 | 2, 4, 5 |
| Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 8 of 8 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 5 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 8 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 1.6 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.6 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 40 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 10.73 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 214,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 13.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00004 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 75% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 1,491.15 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 3,727.87 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard (1986), "Rhodian Bronze Coinage and the Earthquake of 229-226 BC", The Numismatic Chronicle, 146, p. 1-18, pl. 1-.4
- ^ Ashton, Richard (2001), "The coinage of Rhodes 408-c.190 BC", in Andrew Meadows and Kirsty Shipton (eds.), Money and its uses in the ancient world, Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 79-115.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
