Rhodes, bronze (Zeus/rose) (226-220 BCE)
From SILVER
226 BCE - 220 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Laureate head of Zeus to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦΙ / Ρ-Ο (Greek).Rose with buds to either side |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rhodes | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Rhodian power |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 226 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 220 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 5.40 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton 1986, n° 19-84, "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Ashton 2001, p. 107, n° 234-238 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 250 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 8 | 36.36 | 8 | 10.67 | 16, 18, 23, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34 |
| 2 | 4 | 18.18 | 8 | 10.67 | 17, 24, 25, 29 |
| 3 | 2 | 9.09 | 6 | 8 | 21, 30 |
| 4 | 1 | 4.55 | 4 | 5.33 | 26 |
| 5 | 1 | 4.55 | 5 | 6.67 | 13 |
| 6 | 1 | 4.55 | 6 | 8 | 14 |
| 7 | 3 | 13.64 | 21 | 28 | 19, 22, 31 |
| 8 | 1 | 4.55 | 8 | 10.67 | 15 |
| 9 | 1 | 4.55 | 9 | 12 | 20 |
| Total | 22 of 22 | 100.02 | 75 of 75 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 22 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 8 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 61 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 75 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.41 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.23 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 2.77 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 36.36 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 26.77 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 535,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 31.13 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00014 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 89.33% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,603.29 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 14,008.22 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard (1986), "Rhodian Bronze Coinage and the Earthquake of 229-226 BC", The Numismatic Chronicle, 146, p. 1-18, pl. 1-.4
- ^ Ashton, Richard (2001), "The coinage of Rhodes 408-c.190 BC", in Andrew Meadows and Kirsty Shipton (eds.), Money and its uses in the ancient world, Oxford, Oxford University Press, p. 79-115.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
