Rhodes, bronze (Helios r./rose) (88-87 BCE)
From SILVER
88 BCE - 87 BCE Bronze
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Radiate head of Helios right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | PO (Greek).Rose with bud to left, thunderbolt to right |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Rhodes | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Caria (islands) | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Rhodian power |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 88 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 87 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Bronze
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 15.50 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Ashton 2001b, p. 53-66, pl. 15-30 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear II, n° 5079, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 6, n° 1467 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 23 | 45.1 | 23 | 11.33 | |
| 2 | 7 | 13.73 | 14 | 6.9 | |
| 3 | 4 | 7.84 | 12 | 5.91 | |
| 4 | 4 | 7.84 | 16 | 7.88 | |
| 6 | 3 | 5.88 | 18 | 8.87 | |
| 7 | 1 | 1.96 | 7 | 3.45 | |
| 9 | 3 | 5.88 | 27 | 13.3 | |
| 10 | 1 | 1.96 | 10 | 4.93 | |
| 11 | 1 | 1.96 | 11 | 5.42 | |
| 13 | 2 | 3.92 | 26 | 12.81 | |
| 15 | 1 | 1.96 | 15 | 7.39 | |
| 24 | 1 | 1.96 | 24 | 11.82 | |
| Total | 51 of 51 | 99.99 | 203 of 203 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 51 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 23 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 176 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 203 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.98 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.15 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.45 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 45.1 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 59.5 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 1,190,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 68.11 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00017 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 88.67% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 6,823.53 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 17,058.82 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Ashton, Richard (2001), "Rhodian Bronze Coinage and the Siege of Mithradates VI", Numismatic Chronicle, 161, p. 53-66, pl. 15-30
- ^ Sear, David R. (1979), Greek coins and their values. Vol. II, Asia and North Africa, London, xlviii, p. 317-762
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2010), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, volume 6 : handbook of coins of the islands: Adriatic, Ionian, Thracian, Aegean, and Carpathian seas (excluding Crete and Cyprus), sixth to first centuries BC, Lancaster, 358 p.
