RQEM ad. 436 - Messene, silver, obols (370/69-330 BCE)
From SILVER
370 BCE - 330 BCE Silver 112 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Demeter left, wearing earring, necklace and ear and leaves wreath. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | MEΣ (Greek).Tripod with three handles and fluted feet. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Messene | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Peloponnesus | Modern countryModern country: Greece | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Messenian League |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 370 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 330 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 0.75 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | obol
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Grandjean 2003, series III | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 16.67 | 1 | 5.26 | 7 |
| 2 | 1 | 16.67 | 2 | 10.53 | 9 |
| 3 | 3 | 50 | 9 | 47.37 | 5, 6, 8 |
| 7 | 1 | 16.67 | 7 | 36.84 | 4 |
| Total | 6 of 6 | 100.01 | 19 of 19 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 6 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 7 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 19 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 3.17 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 2.71 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.17 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 16.67 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 7.47 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 149,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 8.77 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00013 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 94.74% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 5,087.01 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 112 kg <br /> 112 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 12,717.54 |
Remarks
References
- ^ C. Grandjean, Les Messéniens de 370/369 au 1er siècle de notre ère. Monnayages et histoire, Athens, 2003
