Poseidonia, silver, staters (Poseidon/bull) (430-410 BCE)
From SILVER
430 BCE - 410 BCE Silver 3,173 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΠOΣEIΔ (Greek).Poseidon, nude but for chlamys draped over both arms, standing right, preparing to cast trident held aloft in right hand, left arm extended, Z to left, ΠOΣEIΔA to right |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΠOΣEIΔA (Greek).Bull standing left on double exergue line, the lower dotted, [[Reverse description::ΠOΣEIΔ[A] above, H below]] |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Poseidonia | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Lucania | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 430 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 410 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical 480-323 BC 
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Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 7.75 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
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StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Noe 1952 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 424, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMAC, n° 8, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 1127 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 4 | 22.22 | 4 | 5 | 16, 26, 27, 28 |
| 2 | 2 | 11.11 | 4 | 5 | 5, 29 |
| 3 | 3 | 16.67 | 9 | 11.25 | 1, 14, 17 |
| 4 | 2 | 11.11 | 8 | 10 | 12, 18 |
| 5 | 1 | 5.56 | 5 | 6.25 | 6 |
| 6 | 2 | 11.11 | 12 | 15 | 10, 19 |
| 7 | 1 | 5.56 | 7 | 8.75 | 3 |
| 8 | 1 | 5.56 | 8 | 10 | 7 |
| 10 | 1 | 5.56 | 10 | 12.5 | 20 |
| 13 | 1 | 5.56 | 13 | 16.25 | 23 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.02 | 80 of 80 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 4 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 80 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 4.44 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 22.22 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 20.47 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 409,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 23.23 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00020 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 95% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 7,816.32 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 3,173 kg <br /> 3,173 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 19,540.79 |
Remarks
References
- ^ Noe, Sydney P. (1952), "A group of die-sequences at Poseidonia (ca. 430-410 B. C.)", American Numismatic Society. Museum Notes, 5, p. 9-23, pl. 5-6.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (2003), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires archaïques et classiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, VII + 267 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
