Phocaea (Alexander the Great), silver, tetradrachms (210-180 BCE)
From SILVER
210 BCE - 180 BCE Silver 6,757 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Head of Herakles right, wearing lion skin |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | AΛEΞANΔPOY (Greek).Zeus seated left on throne, holding eagle and sceptre. Controls: In left field, griffin left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Phocaea | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Ionia | Modern countryModern country: Turkey | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | Alexander III the Great (Argead king, 336-323 BC) |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 210 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 180 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 16.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | tetradrachm
|
StandardStandard.: | Attic |
Image
Phocaea alexaznders 210-180.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Ellis-Evans 2021b1Ellis-Evans 2021b, p. 76-80 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Price 19912Price 1991, n° 2223-2228 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 7 | 38.89 | 7 | 7.78 | 1.4, 1.5, 1.8, 1.10, 1.11, 1.14, 2.1 |
| 2 | 3 | 16.67 | 6 | 6.67 | 1.6, 1.13, 2.3 |
| 3 | 2 | 11.11 | 6 | 6.67 | 1.9, 1.15 |
| 5 | 2 | 11.11 | 10 | 11.11 | 1.7, 1.12 |
| 10 | 1 | 5.56 | 10 | 11.11 | 2.2 |
| 12 | 1 | 5.56 | 12 | 13.33 | 1.1 |
| 15 | 1 | 5.56 | 15 | 16.67 | 1.3 |
| 24 | 1 | 5.56 | 24 | 26.67 | 1.2 |
| Total | 18 of 18 | 100.02 | 90 of 90 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 18 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 7 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 55 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 90 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 5 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 1.64 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 3.06 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 38.89 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 19.99 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 399,800 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 22.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00023 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 92.22% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 9,004.5 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 6,757 kg <br /> 6,757 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 22,511.26 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Likely military
