Philadelphia, bronze, 100-30 BC (5.5g) (Dioscuri/two pilei with stars) (100-30 BCE)
From SILVER
100 BCE - 30 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | Jugate and laureate busts of the Dioscuri to right. |
| Reverse: | ΦΙΛΑΔΕΛΦΕΩΝ (Greek).Pilei of the Dioscuri, each surmounted by a star, between, monogram |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Philadelphia (Neocaesarea) | Ancient region: | Lydia | Modern country: Turkey | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 100 BCE | to | 30 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
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Median weight in grams | 5.50 | Denomination: | Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Hochard 2020, p. 281, n° 1383 | ||
| Coin series reference: | |||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 1 | 1 | 20 | 1 | 6.67 | 20 |
| 2 | 2 | 40 | 4 | 26.67 | 17, 18 |
| 4 | 1 | 20 | 4 | 26.67 | 19 |
| 6 | 1 | 20 | 6 | 40 | 16 |
| Total | 5 of 5 | 100 | 15 of 15 | 100.01 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 5 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 9 | Number of coins (n) | 15 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 3 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.67 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 1.8 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 20 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 6.37 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 127,400 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 7.5 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00012 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 93.33% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 4,709.58 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 11,773.94 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Hochard, Pierre-Olivier (2020), Lydie, terre d'empire(s): Etude de numismatique et d'histoire (228 a.C.-268 p.C.), 2 vol., Bordeaux, 2020, 1325 p.
