Phaestus, silver, staters (Heracles/bull) (350-300 BCE)
From SILVER
350 BCE - 300 BCE Silver 4,403 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | ΦAIΣTIΩN (Greek).Heracles seated l. atop lion's skin draped over rock, head slightly r., club resting against l. leg, before him, tree upon which is hung his bow and quiver, behind, large amphora. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | ΦAIΣ (Greek).Bull butting l., all within wreath |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Phaestus | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Crete | Modern countryModern country: Crete | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 350 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 300 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic |
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver 
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 11.90 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | stater
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
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S 1561 - Phaestus, silver, staters (350-300 BCE).jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Carbone 20221Carbone 2022, p. 74 (Group F)-104 (Group P) | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 3198-3200, 3203-3204 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 1 | 5.26 | 1 | 0.26 | 21 |
| 4 | 1 | 5.26 | 4 | 1.05 | 38 |
| 6 | 2 | 10.53 | 12 | 3.14 | 9, 37 |
| 10 | 1 | 5.26 | 10 | 2.62 | 32 |
| 12 | 1 | 5.26 | 12 | 3.14 | 13 |
| 15 | 2 | 10.53 | 30 | 7.85 | 16, 33 |
| 16 | 2 | 10.53 | 32 | 8.38 | 14, 31 |
| 18 | 1 | 5.26 | 18 | 4.71 | 43 |
| 21 | 2 | 10.53 | 42 | 10.99 | 19, 20 |
| 22 | 1 | 5.26 | 22 | 5.76 | 12 |
| 29 | 1 | 5.26 | 29 | 7.59 | 11 |
| 32 | 1 | 5.26 | 32 | 8.38 | 10 |
| 34 | 1 | 5.26 | 34 | 8.9 | 18 |
| 38 | 1 | 5.26 | 38 | 9.95 | 17 |
| 66 | 1 | 5.26 | 66 | 17.28 | 15 |
| Total | 19 of 19 | 99.98 | 382 of 382 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 19 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 1 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 382 | |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 20.11 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 5.26 % | |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 18.5 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 370,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 19.99 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00103 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.74% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 41,297.3 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,403 kg <br /> 4,403 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 103,243.24 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation There is a great variety of obverse types
