Phaestus, silver, staters (Heracles/bull) (350-300 BCE)

From SILVER
SILVER IDUnique ID of the page : 10911


350 BCE - 300 BCE Silver 4,403 kg

Description
ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: ΦAIΣTIΩN (Greek).Heracles seated l. atop lion's skin draped over rock, head slightly r., club resting against l. leg, before him, tree upon which is hung his bow and quiver, behind, large amphora.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: ΦAIΣ (Greek).Bull butting l., all within wreath
Mint and issuing power
MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: Phaestus Ancient regionAncient region.: Crete Modern countryModern country: Crete AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:
Chronology
FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. 350 BCE toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. 300 BCE PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Classical and Hellenistic
Physical description
MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: Silver Nomisma.org Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams 11.90 DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: stater Nomisma.org StandardStandard.:
Image
S 1561 - Phaestus, silver, staters (350-300 BCE).jpg [1]
References
Die study referencePublication of the study: Carbone 20221Carbone 2022, p. 74 (Group F)-104 (Group P)
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: Sear I2Sear I, n° 3198-3200, 3203-3204
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:



Obverse dies distribution
FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution.  Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) % (o) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) % (n) Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1 1 5.26 1 0.26 21
4 1 5.26 4 1.05 38
6 2 10.53 12 3.14 9, 37
10 1 5.26 10 2.62 32
12 1 5.26 12 3.14 13
15 2 10.53 30 7.85 16, 33
16 2 10.53 32 8.38 14, 31
18 1 5.26 18 4.71 43
21 2 10.53 42 10.99 19, 20
22 1 5.26 22 5.76 12
29 1 5.26 29 7.59 11
32 1 5.26 32 8.38 10
34 1 5.26 34 8.9 18
38 1 5.26 38 9.95 17
66 1 5.26 66 17.28 15
Total 19 of 19 99.98 382 of 382 100
Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available


Quantification
Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies.  (o) 19 Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins.  1
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) 382
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) 20.11 Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1)  5.26 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983  18.5 Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000.  370,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011  (O) 19.99 Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000.  0.00103
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O)  (o = % of O) 99.74% Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000.  41,297.3
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum)  4,403 kg <br /> 4,403 kg Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000.  103,243.24
Remarks

Most likely one single workstation There is a great variety of obverse types

References

  1. ^  Carbone, Federico (2022), Festos I. La moneta. produzione, seriazione e cronologia, Monografie della Scuola Archaeologica di Atene e delle missioni italiane in Oriente, Athens, 241 p.
  2. ^  Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.