Panticapaeum? (Pharnaces), gold, staters (55-52 BCE)
From SILVER
55 BCE - 51 BCE Gold 5,591 kg
Description
| Obverse: | Diademed bust of Pharnakes right, with luxuriant hair |
| Reverse: | BAΣΙΛΕΩΣ/BAΣΙΛΕΩN MEΓΑΛΟΥ/ΦΑΡΝΑΚΟΥ (Greek).Apollo, semi-draped, seated left on lion-footed throne, holding laurel branch over tripod, left elbow resting on kithara at his side, name and titles above and below, X monogram to right, EMS above (year 245, Pontic Era) |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Panticapaeum | Ancient region: | Bosporus | Modern country: Russia (Crimea) | Authority: | Pharnaces II of Pontus (king of the Bosporan Kingdom, 63-47 BC), Bosporan kingdom |
Chronology
| From | 55 BCE | to | 51 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Gold
|
Median weight in grams | 8.15 | Denomination: | stater
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Golenko - Karyszkowski 1972 | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2RQEMH, n° 55, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3HGC 7, n° 198 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| Frequency ᵖ | Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coins (n) | % (n) | Die name |
| 2 | 1 | 33.33 | 2 | 15.38 | 2 |
| 4 | 1 | 33.33 | 4 | 30.77 | 3 |
| 7 | 1 | 33.33 | 7 | 53.85 | 1 |
| Total | 3 of 3 | 99.99 | 13 of 13 | 100 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 3 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 11 | Number of coins (n) | 13 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 4.33 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 1.18 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 3.67 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 3.43 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 68,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 3.9 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00019 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | % | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 7,580.17 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | 5,591 kg <br /> 5,591 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 18,950.44 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation Certainly military
References
- ^ Golenko, Konstantin V. - and P. J. Karyszkowski (1972), "The Gold Coinage of King Pharnaces of the Bosporus", The Numismatic Chronicle, 7/12, p. 25-38, pl. 2-3.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), Handbook of Greek Coinages. 7. Coins of northern and Central Anatolia - Pontos, Paphlagonia, Bithynia, Phrygia, Galatia, lykaonia, and Kappadokia (with Kolchis and the Kimmerian bosporos), Lancaster, lxxxii, 352 p. : ill. ; 23 cm.
