Messana, bronze, litrai (nymph Messana/charioteer driving biga) (317-311 BCE)
From SILVER
317 BCE - 311 BCE Bronze
Description
| Obverse: | ΜΕΣΣΑΝΑ (Greek).Head of the nymph Messana left, hair in thin band |
| Reverse: | The nymph Messana, holding palm and reins, driving biga of mules standing right, ∆ in exergue |
Mint and issuing power
| Mint: | Messana | Ancient region: | Sicily | Modern country: Italy | Authority: |
Chronology
| From | 317 BCE | to | 311 BCE | Period: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| Metal: | Bronze
|
Median weight in grams | 10.70 | Denomination: | litra
|
Standard: |
Image
References
| Die study reference: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Caccamo Caltabiano 1993, Series XVIII, n° 783-804. | ||
| Coin series reference: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Calciati 1983, n° 18, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 26, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4Sear I, n° 1134, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 2, n° 831 | ||
| Coin series web reference: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obverses ᵖ (o) | 9 | Number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 |
| Number of reverse dies (r) | 20 | Number of coins (n) | 66 |
| Coins per obverse die (n/o) | 7.33 | Coins per reverse die (n/r) | 3.3 |
| Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o) | 2.22 | Percentage of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 0 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ᵖ | 9.43 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 188,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ᵖ (O) | 10.42 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ᵖ | 0.00035 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 100% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ᵖ | 13,997.88 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ᵖ | n.a. | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ᵖ | 34,994.7 |
Remarks
Most likely one single workstation
References
- ^ Caccamo Caltabiano, Maria (1993), La monetazione di Messana. Con le emissioni di Rhegion dell’eta della tirannide, AMUGS XIII, Berlin-New York, xviii, 383 p., 94 pl.
- ^ Calciati, Romolo (1983), Corpus nummorum siculorum. La monetazione di bronzo/The bronze coinage, vol. 1, Milan, Edizioni G. M.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2012), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series. 2. Handbook of the Coins of Sicily (Including Lipara). Civic, Royal, Siculo-Punic, and Romano-Sicilian Issues. Sixth to First Centuries BC, Lancaster-London, 489 p.
