Locri Epizephyrii? (Bruttii), silver, drachms (Nike/Dionysus) (211/10-203 BCE)

SILVER IDUnique ID of the page ^ᵖ: 8593

211 BCE - 203 BCE Silver 4,287 kg

Description

ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.:	Diademed and draped bust of Nike to right.
ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.:	BPETTIΩN (Greek).Dionysos standing facing, crowning himself and holding scepter, to right, thunderbolt.

Mint and issuing power

MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.:

Locri Epizephyrii

Ancient regionAncient region.:

Bruttium

Modern countryModern country: Italy

AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources:

The Bruttians

Chronology

FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.

211 BCE

toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context..

203 BCE

PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.:

Silver

Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams

4.60

DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.:

denarius

, drachma

StandardStandard.:

Image

]]H 12 - Mint of uncertain location of the Bruttii, silver, denarius, 211-10-203 BC.jpg [1]

References

Die study referencePublication of the study:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Arslan 1989
Coin series referenceReference to coin series study:	"[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 514, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 12, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4SNG ANS 3 Bruttium-Sicily, n° 21, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HN Italy, n° 1958-1964, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]6HGC 1, n° 1356
Coin series web referenceCoin series web references:	https://greekcoinage.org/iris/id/brettii.hn italy.1958-1964

Obverse dies distribution

FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ^ᵖ	Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	% (n)	Die nameName(s) of the die(s).
1	2	4.17	2		41, 45
5	1	2.08	5		84
8	1	2.08	8		81
9	3	6.25	27		44, 79, 83
10	1	2.08	10		39
11	4	8.33	44		42, 43, 65, 76
12	1	2.08	12		37
13	2	4.17	26		70, 78
14	1	2.08	14		73
15	2	4.17	30		38, 64
16	1	2.08	16		50
18	2	4.17	36		60, 77
19	1	2.08	19		58
20	2	4.17	40		74, 75
21	2	4.17	42		49, 55
23	3	6.25	69		52, 62, 71
24	2	4.17	48		69, 82
26	3	6.25	78		35, 48, 80
27	2	4.17	54		46, 72
28	2	4.17	56		66, 67
32	1	2.08	32		61
33	1	2.08	33		51
34	1	2.08	34		54
36	1	2.08	36		53
37	1	2.08	37		40
41	1	2.08	41		59
44	2	4.17	88		47, 57
48	1	2.08	48		63
51	1	2.08	51		34
Total	48 of 48	99.98	1036 of 1,036

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ^ᵖ (o)	48	Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ^ᵖ	2
Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r)	60	Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n)	1036
Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o)	21.58	Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r)	17.27
Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o)	1.25	Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	4.17 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ^ᵖ	46.6	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ^ᵖ	932,000
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ^ᵖ (O)	50.33	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ^ᵖ	0.00111
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	99.81%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ^ᵖ	44,463.52
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ^ᵖ	4,287 kg <br /> 4,287 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ^ᵖ	111,158.8

Remarks

Most likely two workstations Likely military See Carroccio 2011, p. 85

References

^ Arslan, Ermanno A. (1989), Monetazione aurea ed argentea dei Brettii, Glaux 4, Milan.
^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
^ Troxell, Hyla A. (1975), Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum ANS 3. The Collection of the American Numismatic Society. Sicily 3 (Bruttium-Sicily I: Abacaenum-Eryx), New-York, pl. 38.
^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm