Locri Epizephyrii? (Bruttii), silver, drachms (Nike/Dionysus) (211/10-203 BCE)
From SILVER
211 BCE - 203 BCE Silver 4,287 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Diademed and draped bust of Nike to right. |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | BPETTIΩN (Greek).Dionysos standing facing, crowning himself and holding scepter, to right, thunderbolt. |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Locri Epizephyrii | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | The Bruttians |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 211 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 203 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.60 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius , drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
H 12 - Mint of uncertain location of the Bruttii, silver, denarius, 211-10-203 BC.jpg [1]
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | Arslan 19891Arslan 1989 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | Sear I2Sear I, n° 514, RQEMH3RQEMH, n° 12, SNG ANS 3 Bruttium-Sicily4SNG ANS 3 Bruttium-Sicily, n° 21, HN Italy5HN Italy, n° 1958-1964, HGC 16HGC 1, n° 1356 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 4.17 | 2 | 41, 45 | |
| 5 | 1 | 2.08 | 5 | 84 | |
| 8 | 1 | 2.08 | 8 | 81 | |
| 9 | 3 | 6.25 | 27 | 44, 79, 83 | |
| 10 | 1 | 2.08 | 10 | 39 | |
| 11 | 4 | 8.33 | 44 | 42, 43, 65, 76 | |
| 12 | 1 | 2.08 | 12 | 37 | |
| 13 | 2 | 4.17 | 26 | 70, 78 | |
| 14 | 1 | 2.08 | 14 | 73 | |
| 15 | 2 | 4.17 | 30 | 38, 64 | |
| 16 | 1 | 2.08 | 16 | 50 | |
| 18 | 2 | 4.17 | 36 | 60, 77 | |
| 19 | 1 | 2.08 | 19 | 58 | |
| 20 | 2 | 4.17 | 40 | 74, 75 | |
| 21 | 2 | 4.17 | 42 | 49, 55 | |
| 23 | 3 | 6.25 | 69 | 52, 62, 71 | |
| 24 | 2 | 4.17 | 48 | 69, 82 | |
| 26 | 3 | 6.25 | 78 | 35, 48, 80 | |
| 27 | 2 | 4.17 | 54 | 46, 72 | |
| 28 | 2 | 4.17 | 56 | 66, 67 | |
| 32 | 1 | 2.08 | 32 | 61 | |
| 33 | 1 | 2.08 | 33 | 51 | |
| 34 | 1 | 2.08 | 34 | 54 | |
| 36 | 1 | 2.08 | 36 | 53 | |
| 37 | 1 | 2.08 | 37 | 40 | |
| 41 | 1 | 2.08 | 41 | 59 | |
| 44 | 2 | 4.17 | 88 | 47, 57 | |
| 48 | 1 | 2.08 | 48 | 63 | |
| 51 | 1 | 2.08 | 51 | 34 | |
| Total | 48 of 48 | 99.98 | 1036 of 1,036 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 48 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 60 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 1036 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 21.58 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 17.27 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.25 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 4.17 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 46.6 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 932,000 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 50.33 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00111 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.81% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 44,463.52 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 4,287 kg <br /> 4,287 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 111,158.8 |
Remarks
Most likely two workstations Likely military See Carroccio 2011, p. 85
References
- ^ Arslan, Ermanno A. (1989), Monetazione aurea ed argentea dei Brettii, Glaux 4, Milan.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Troxell, Hyla A. (1975), Sylloge Nummorum Graecorum ANS 3. The Collection of the American Numismatic Society. Sicily 3 (Bruttium-Sicily I: Abacaenum-Eryx), New-York, pl. 38.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
