Locri Epizephyrii? (Bruttii), silver, denarii (Hera Lakinia/Zeus) (214/13-211/10 BCE)
From SILVER
214 BCE - 210 BCE Silver 2,291 kg
Description
| ObverseInscription or printing placed on the obverse.: | Veiled head of Hera Lakinia facing right, wearing a polos, a sceptre over shoulder, a bucranium on left |
| ReverseInscription or printing placed on the reverse.: | BPETTIΩN (Greek).Zeus standing left, his right foot on an ionic capital, holding a sceptre, a crab on left |
Mint and issuing power
| MintIdentifies the place of manufacture or issue of a numismatic object.: | Locri Epizephyrii | Ancient regionAncient region.: | Bruttium | Modern countryModern country: Italy | AuthorityIdentifies the issuing power. The authority can be "pretended" when the name or the portrait of X is on the coin but he/she was not the issuing power. It can also be "uncertain" when there is no mention of X on the coin but he/she was the issuing power according to the historical sources: | The Bruttians |
Chronology
| FromIdentifies the initial date in a range assigned in a numismatic context. | 214 BCE | toIdentifies the final date in a range assigned in a numismatic context.. | 210 BCE | PeriodTime period of the numismatic object.: Hellenistic 323-30 BC 
|
Physical description
| MetalThe physical material (usually metal) from which an object is made.: | Silver
|
Median weightMedian of the weights of numismatic objects (in grams). in grams | 4.65 | DenominationTerm indicating the value of a numismatic object. Examples: tetradrachm, chalkous, denarius.: | denarius , drachma
|
StandardStandard.: |
Image
References
| Die study referencePublication of the study: | "[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Arslan 1989 | ||
| Coin series referenceReference to coin series study: | "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]2Sear I, n° 515, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]3RQEMH, n° 10, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]4HN Italy, n° 1969-1970, "[[Coin series reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]5HGC 1, n° 1357 | ||
| Coin series web referenceCoin series web references: | |||
Obverse dies distribution
| FrequencyFrequency of specimen in distribution. ᵖ | Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | % (o) | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | % (n) | Die nameName(s) of the die(s). |
| 1 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 0.51 | 19, 30 |
| 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0.51 | 6 |
| 3 | 2 | 8 | 6 | 1.54 | 9, 18 |
| 4 | 2 | 8 | 8 | 2.05 | 28, 15 |
| 5 | 2 | 8 | 10 | 2.56 | 12, 26 |
| 7 | 3 | 12 | 21 | 5.38 | 5, 10, 13 |
| 9 | 2 | 8 | 18 | 4.62 | 8, 16 |
| 14 | 1 | 4 | 14 | 3.59 | 21 |
| 15 | 1 | 4 | 15 | 3.85 | 14 |
| 18 | 1 | 4 | 18 | 4.62 | 11 |
| 21 | 1 | 4 | 21 | 5.38 | 17 |
| 23 | 1 | 4 | 23 | 5.9 | 27 |
| 24 | 1 | 4 | 24 | 6.15 | 24 |
| 26 | 1 | 4 | 26 | 6.67 | 23 |
| 28 | 1 | 4 | 28 | 7.18 | 25 |
| 38 | 1 | 4 | 38 | 9.74 | 29 |
| 56 | 1 | 4 | 56 | 14.36 | 7 |
| 60 | 1 | 4 | 60 | 15.38 | 21 |
| Total | 25 of 25 | 100 | 390 of 390 | 99.99 |
Reverse dies distribution
no distribution is available
Quantification
| Number of obversesNumber of obverse dies. ᵖ (o) | 25 | Number of singletons (o1)The number of singleton coins. ᵖ | 2 |
| Number of reverse diesNumber of reverse dies. (r) | 42 | Number of coinsNumber of coins. (n) | 390 |
| Coins per obverse dieNumber of coins per obverse die. (n/o) | 15.6 | Coins per reverse dieNumber of coins per reverse die. (n/r) | 9.29 |
| Reverse per obverse ratioRatio of obverse dies divided by reverse dies. (r/o) | 1.68 | Percentage of singletons (o1)number of coins (n) divided by the number of singletons (o1) ᵖ | 8 % |
| Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to Carter 1983 ᵖ | 24.63 | Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per dieCoins made if the average productivity for obverses (according to Carter) is 20,000. ᵖ | 492,600 |
| Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula)The estimation of the number of coins according to the singleton formula in Esty 2011 ᵖ (O) | 26.71 | Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per dieSurvival rate if average productivity is 20,000. ᵖ | 0.00079 |
| Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula)Esty 1984 - coverage (% of O) ᵖ (o = % of O) | 99.49% | Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/2,000. ᵖ | 31,668.7 |
| Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula)Carter 1983 * Median weight * 20000 (*10 if gold or electrum) ᵖ | 2,291 kg <br /> 2,291 kg | Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000Average productivity if survival rate is 1/5,000. ᵖ | 79,171.74 |
Remarks
Likely military
References
- ^ Arslan, Ermanno A. (1989), Monetazione aurea ed argentea dei Brettii, Glaux 4, Milan.
- ^ Sear, David R. (1978), Greek coins and their values. Vol. I, Europe, London, xl, 316 p.
- ^ Callataÿ, François de (1997), Recueil quantitatif des émissions monétaires hellénistiques, Numismatique Romaine, Wetteren, X + 341 p.
- ^ Rutter N. Keith et alii (eds.) (2001), Historia Numorum Italy, London, xvi, 223 p., 43 pl.
- ^ Hoover, Oliver D. (2018), The Handbook of Greek Coinage Series, Volume 1. Handbook of Coins of Italy and Magna Graecia, Sixth to First Centuries BC., Lancaster-London, 2018, lxi, 527 pages, 23 cm
