Judaea (uncertain mint) (Yehud), silver (all fractions) (375-250 BCE)

375 BCE - 250 BCE Silver 4,262 kg

Description

Obverse:	Many types. Here: Head of Athena right, wearing Attic helmet decorated with olive wreath
Reverse:	'YHD' (Yehud; retrograde) (Jewish).Many types. Here: Owl standing left, head facing, in upper right field, olive spray

Mint and issuing power

Mint:

Judaea (uncertain mint)

Ancient region:

Judaea

Modern country: Israel

Authority:

Chronology

From

375 BCE

to

250 BCE

Period: Classical ^{480-323 BC}

, Hellenistic ^{323-30 BC}

Physical description

Metal:

Silver

Median weight in grams

1.00

Denomination:

Standard:

Image

References

Die study reference:	"[[Die study reference" contains a listed "[" character as part of the property label and has therefore been classified as invalid.]]1Gitler - Lorber - Fontanille 2023
Coin series reference:

Obverse dies distribution

Frequency ^ᵖ	Number of obverses ^ᵖ (o)	% (o)	Number of coins (n)	% (n)	Die name
1	75	36.23	75		1.1, 2.1, 4.1, 9.3, 13.2, 14.2, 14.3, 15.2, 16.14, 16.18, 16.21, 16.22, 16.23, 16.24, 16.25, 16.26, 16.27, 16.28, 16.29, 16.30, 16.32, 16.36, 16.37, 19.4, 19.12, 19.13, 19.14, 24.2, 24.22, 24.23, 24.24, 24.25, 24.26, 24.27, 24.28, 24.29, 24.30, 24.31, 24.32, 25.1, 26.2, 26.3, 28.3, 28.4, 32.1, 32.2, 34.2, 35.10, 37.9, 37.11, 37.12, 37.13, 37.14, 37.17, 37.18, 37.20, 37.21, 37.22, 37.24, 37.27, 37.29, 37.30, 38.2, 39.5, 39.6, 39.9, 39.10, 39.11, 39.14, 39.15, 39.16, 39.17, 39.18, 39.19, 43.2
2	35	16.91	70		3.2, 3.3, 6.1, 9.2, 11.4, 16.9, 16.17, 16.19, 16.20, 16.31, 19.8, 24.16, 24.17, 24.18, 24.19, 24.20, 24.21, 26.1, 27.1, 27.2, 33.1, 33.3, 35.8, 35.9, 36.1, 37.8, 37.16, 37.19, 37.23, 37.25, 39.2, 39.8, 39.13, 41.1, 42.1
3	17	8.21	51		9.4, 9.5, 11.3, 16.8, 19.11, 23.1, 24.13, 24.14, 24.15, 33.2, 34.1, 35.6, 35.7, 37.10, 37.15, 39.7, 39.12
4	18	8.7	72		3.4, 8.1, 16.11, 16.34, 16.35, 17.1, 19.1, 19.10, 20.1, 24.11, 24.12, 27.3, 29.1, 30.1, 35.5, 37.6, 40.1, 44.1
5	8	3.86	40		10.1, 16.33, 28.1, 28.2, 37.5, 37.28, 43.1
6	12	5.8	72		3.1, 5.3, 11.2, 16.12, 19.3, 19.7, 19.9, 24.9, 24.10, 35.4, 37.7, 39.1
7	6	2.9	42		12.1, 16.7, 24.8, 35.1, 38.1, 39.2
8	1	0.48	8		16.13
9	3	1.45	27		24.7, 35.3, 37.26
11	1	0.48	11		24.6
12	1	0.48	12		19.2
13	1	0.48	13		18.1
14	1	0.48	14		19.6
15	3	1.45	45		16.6, 16.16, 24.3
16	3	1.45	48		16.10, 16.15, 19.5
17	1	0.48	17		35.2
18	1	0.48	18		24.4
20	1	0.48	20		5.2
24	2	0.97	48		11.1, 15.1
29	1	0.48	29		13.1
32	1	0.48	32		20–22
33	1	0.48	33		24.1
34	1	0.48	34		16.5
38	3	1.45	114		16.1, 16.2, 37.1
39	1	0.48	39		7.1
41	1	0.48	41		16.3
48	1	0.48	48		16.4
50	1	0.48	50		37.2
55	1	0.48	55		37.4
59	1	0.48	59		37.3
83	1	0.48	83		14.1
110	1	0.48	110		9.1
111	1	0.48	111		31.1
245	1	0.48	245		5.1
Total	207 of 207	99.94	1786 of 1,786

Reverse dies distribution

no distribution is available

Quantification

Number of obverses ^ᵖ (o)	207	Number of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	75
Number of reverse dies (r)	282	Number of coins (n)	1786
Coins per obverse die (n/o)	8.63	Coins per reverse die (n/r)	6.33
Reverse per obverse ratio (r/o)	1.36	Percentage of singletons (o1) ^ᵖ	36.23 %
Original number of dies (O) (Carter 1983 formula) ^ᵖ	213.12	Coins struck if 20,000 as average productivity per die ^ᵖ	4,262,400
Original number of dies (O) (Esty 2011 formula) ^ᵖ (O)	234.14	Survival rate if 20,000 as average productivity per die ^ᵖ	0.00042
Coverage (o = % of O) (Esty 1984 formula) ^ᵖ (o = % of O)	95.8%	Die productivity if survival rate 1/2,000 ^ᵖ	16,760.51
Weight of silver (in kg) if 20,000 coins per die (O = Carter formula) ^ᵖ	4,262 kg <br /> 4,262 kg	Die productivity if survival rate 1/5,000 ^ᵖ	41,901.28

Remarks

References

^ Gitler, Haim - Lorber, Catharine C. - Fontanille, Jean-Philippe (2023), The Yehud Coinage. A Study and Die Classification of the Provincial Silver Coinage of Judah, Numismatic Studies and Researches Volume XII, Jerusalem.